Figure 1.

Simultaneous integration of multiple data types: classification of approaches into three categories. (A) Concatenation-based (early) integration of multiple preprocessed molecular data matrices into one larger data matrix before constructing a model. (B) Transformation-based (intermediate) integration combines the multiple data types after transforming each type into an intermediate form before generating a model. (C) Model-based (late) integration creates models for each of the different data types and then combines each model into a final model for analysis. Modified from Ritchie et al.⁴⁰