Skip to main content
. 2016 Sep 30;21(3):152–163. doi: 10.15430/JCP.2016.21.3.152

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of S-adenosylmethionine, taurine, betaine and their combinations on intracellular GSH levels and mRNA levels of GSH synthesizing enzymes and inflammation markers in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. (A) Intracellular GSH levels were measured using glutathione reducase in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. (B) mRNA levels of GCLC, GCLM and GS were measured using RT-qPCR. (C) NO production was measured from cell culture medium by the Griess reaction assay. (D) TNF-α and iNOS mRNA levels were measured by RT-qPCR and Hprt1 was used as the housekeeping gene. Cells were pretreated with SAMe (0.5 mM), Tau (10 mM), and/or Bet (1 mM) for 18 hours. After pretreatment, the cells were stimulated with LPS (0.5 μg/mL) for 4 hours. Values represent mean with SEM of three independent experiments. SAMe, S-adenosylmethionine; Tau, taurine; Bet, betaine; GSH, glutathione; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; GS, GSH synthase; RT-qPCR, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR; NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase. #P < 0.01 vs. control cells, *P < 0.01 vs. LPS-treated group.