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. 2016 Sep 30;21(3):152–163. doi: 10.15430/JCP.2016.21.3.152

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of S-adenosylmethionine, taurine, betaine, and their combinations on intracellular GSH levels and mRNA levels of GSH synthesizing enzymes and inflammation markers in polyI:C-treated RAW 264.7 cells. (A) Intracellular GSH levels were measured using gluta-thione reductase in polyI:C-activated RAW 264.7 cells. (B) GCLC, GCLM, and GS mRNA levels were measured using RT-qPCR. (C) NO production was measured from cell culture medium by the Griess reaction assay. (D) TNF-α and iNOS mRNA levels were measured by RT-qPCR and Hprt1 was used as the housekeeping gene. Cells were pretreated with SAMe (0.5 mM), Tau (10 mM), and/or Bet (1 mM) for 18 hours. After pretreatment, the cells were stimulated with polyI:C (10 μg/mL) for 4 hours. Values represent mean with SEM of three independent experiments. SAMe, S-adenosylmethionine; Tau, taurine; Bet, betaine; GSH, glutathione; PolyI:C, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; GS, GSH synthase; RT-qPCR, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR; NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase. #P < 0.01 vs. control cells, *P < 0.01 vs. PolyI:C-treated cells.