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. 2016 Sep 30;21(3):152–163. doi: 10.15430/JCP.2016.21.3.152

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effects of SAMe, taurine, betaine, and their combinations on serum ALT and AST levels, hepatic GSH levels and mRNA levels of hepatic GSH synthesizing enzymes, and inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated mice. (A) Serum ALT and AST levels. (B) Hepatic GSH levels, (C) mRNA levels of hepatic GCLC, GCLM and GS, and (D) NO production was measured as described in Materials and Methods. (D) Serum TNF-α was examined by ELISA. (E) TNF-α and iNOS mRNA levels in LPS-injected mice were measured by RT-qPCR and Hprt1 was used as the housekeeping gene. Each bar represents mean with SEM (n = 5). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GSH, glutathione; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; GS, GSH synthase; NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; Tau, taurine; Bet, betaine. #P < 0.01 vs. control group, *P < 0.01 vs. LPS group.