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. 2016 Sep 30;21(3):152–163. doi: 10.15430/JCP.2016.21.3.152

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of SAMe, taurine, betaine, and their combinations on serum ALT and AST levels, hepatic GSH levels and mRNA levels of hepatic GSH synthesizing enzymes and inflammatory mediators in polyI:C-stimulated mice. (A) Serum ALT and AST levels, (B) hepatic GSH levels and (C) mRNA levels of hepatic GCLC, GCLM and GS were measured as described in Materials and Methods, (D) NO production and serum TNF-α were examined by Griess reaction assay and ELISA, respectively. (E) TNF-α and iNOS mRNA levels were measured by RT-qPCR and Hprt1 was used as the housekeeping gene. Each bar represents mean with SEM (n = 5). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GSH, glutathione; PolyI:C, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; GS, GSH synthase; NO, nitric oxide; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; Tau, taurine; Bet, betaine. #P < 0.01 vs. control group, *P < 0.01 vs. PolyI:C-treated group.