Table 2.
Comparison of DAMA and non-DAMA
| Characteristics | DAMA (n = 222,389) | Non-DAMA (n = 7,778,140) | Unadjusted OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 43.84 ± 23.10 | 34.75 ± 25.47 | ||
| Gender | 1.072 | 1.063–1.081 | ||
| Male | 122,267 (54.98) | 4,142,434 (53.26) | ||
| Female | 100,122 (45.02) | 3,635,706 (46.74) | ||
| Trauma | 1.126 | 1.115–1.136 | ||
| Yes | 66,951 (30.11) | 2,152,690 (27.68) | ||
| No (disease) | 155,438 (69.89) | 5,625,450 (72.32) | ||
| Type of hospitala) | 1.215 | 1.200–1.230 | ||
| Local emergency medical centers | 185,401 (86.43) | 6,246,823 (83.98) | ||
| Regional emergency medical centers | 29,115 (13.57) | 1,191,891 (16.02) | ||
| Status of insurance | 1.993 | 1.950–2.037 | ||
| Absence (self-pay) | 8,772 (3.94) | 157,024 (2.02) | ||
| Presence | 213,617 (96.06) | 7,621,116 (97.98) | ||
| Initial level of consciousness | ||||
| Alert | 209,638 (94.27) | 7,540,840 (96.95) | ||
| Responds to voice | 7,795 (3.51) | 101,850 (1.31) | 2.753 | 2.689–2.818 |
| Responds to pain | 4,354 (1.96) | 74,527 (0.96) | 2.101 | 2.038–2.167 |
| Unconscious | 602 (0.27) | 60,923 (0.78) | 0.355 | 0.328–0.385 |
| Diagnosis (by ICD chapter) | ||||
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99) | 11,746 (5.28) | 694,258 (8.93) | 0.569 | 0.558-0.580 |
| Neoplasms (C00-D48) | 5,562 (2.50) | 259,330 (3.33) | 0.744 | 0.724-0.764 |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D50-D89) | 1,194 (0.54) | 30,781 (0.40) | 1.359 | 1.282-1.440 |
| Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90) | 6,356 (2.86) | 105,682 (1.36) | 2.136 | 2.082-2.192 |
| Mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F99) | 11,730 (5.27) | 108,679 (1.40) | 3.929 | 3.853-4.007 |
| Diseases of the nervous system (G00-G99) | 7,056 (3.17) | 153,730 (1.98) | 1.625 | 1.586-1.665 |
| Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59) | 1,562 (0.70) | 99,260 (1.28) | 0.547 | 0.520-0.575 |
| Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (H60-H95) | 2,461 (1.11) | 160,558 (2.06) | 0.531 | 0.510-0.553 |
| Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) | 13,647 (6.14) | 339,019 (4.36) | 1.435 | 1.409-1.460 |
| Diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99) | 13,574 (6.10) | 1,038,625 (13.35) | 0.422 | 0.414-0.429 |
| Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K93) | 19,596 (8.81) | 706,824 (9.09) | 0.967 | 0.952-0.981 |
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00-L99) | 2,650 (1.19) | 230,445 (2.96) | 0.395 | 0.380-0.411 |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99) | 5,162 (2.32) | 198,925 (2.56) | 0.905 | 0.880-0.931 |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system (N00-N99) | 6,890 (3.10) | 303,558 (3.90) | 0.787 | 0.768-0.807 |
| Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O99) | 576 (0.26) | 31,582 (0.41) | 0.637 | 0.587-0.692 |
| Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96) | 289 (0.13) | 12,912 (0.17) | 0.782 | 0.696-0.880 |
| Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99) | 258 (0.12) | 8,527 (0.11) | 1.058 | 0.935-1.198 |
| Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99) | 49,909 (22.44) | 1,122,888 (14.44) | 1.715 | 1.698-1.733 |
| Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T98) | 58,258 (26.20) | 2,037,890 (26.20) | 1.000 | 0.990-1.009 |
| External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01-Y98) | 1,893 (0.85) | 45,433 (0.58) | 1.461 | 1.395-1.530 |
| Factors influencing health status and contact with health services (Z00-Z99) | 2,020 (0.91) | 89,234 (1.15) | 0.790 | 0.756-0.826 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
DAMA, discharge against medical advice; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ICD, international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems.
a)
Subjects from specialty care centers were excluded.