Table 3.
Results from multivariable modeling for predictors of discharge against medical advice by age group
| Characteristics | The pediatric group (n = 2,481,727) |
The youth and the middle-aged group (n = 3,968,009) |
The aged group (n = 1,203,494) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
| Gender, male | 1.014 | 0.992–1.037 | 1.201 | 1.188–1.215 | 1.093 | 1.073–1.114 |
| Self-pay | 1.573 | 1.457–1.698 | 1.836 | 1.790–1.883 | 1.041 | 0.959–1.130 |
| Local emergency medical centers | 1.327 | 1.284–1.372 | 1.251 | 1.231–1.271 | 1.241 | 1.210–1.273 |
| Trauma (non-disease) | 1.183 | 1.128–1.241 | 1.307 | 1.280–1.333 | 1.098 | 1.055–1.144 |
| Initial level of consciousness, alert | ||||||
| Responds to voice | 1.722 | 1.533–1.934 | 2.272 | 2.201–2.345 | 1.262 | 1.210–1.316 |
| Responds to pain | 1.381 | 1.197–1.592 | 1.569 | 1.504–1.638 | 1.060 | 1.006–1.117 |
| Unconscious | 0.420 | 0.287–0.615 | 0.269 | 0.242–0.300 | 0.150 | 0.132–0.171 |
| Diagnosis | ||||||
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99) | 1.022 | 0.902–1.157 | 0.911 | 0.859–0.965 | 1.018 | 0.891–1.164 |
| Neoplasms (C00-D48) | 0.955 | 0.751–1.214 | 0.864 | 0.809–0.922 | 0.919 | 0.807–1.048 |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D50-D89) | 1.218 | 0.964–1.539 | 1.820 | 1.649–2.009 | 2.119 | 1.813–2.476 |
| Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90) | 1.739 | 1.379–2.193 | 2.238 | 2.095–2.390 | 2.256 | 1.982–2.567 |
| Mental and behavioral disorders (F00-F99) | 8.577 | 7.445–9.881 | 4.085 | 3.859–4.324 | 2.303 | 2.006–2.642 |
| Diseases of the nervous system (G00-G99) | 3.474 | 3.029–3.983 | 1.805 | 1.698–1.919 | 1.837 | 1.606–2.101 |
| Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59) | 1.021 | 0.861–1.212 | 0.593 | 0.547–0.642 | 0.904 | 0.748–1.093 |
| Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (H60-H95) | 0.689 | 0.594–0.800 | 0.848 | 0.786–0.915 | 1.066 | 0.919–1.236 |
| Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) | 2.748 | 2.319–3.257 | 1.692 | 1.597–1.794 | 1.377 | 1.213–1.564 |
| Diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99) | 0.878 | 0.777–0.993 | 0.709 | 0.668–0.753 | 1.168 | 1.026–1.331 |
| Diseases of the digestive system (K00-K93) | 1.153 | 1.014–1.311 | 1.316 | 1.245–1.391 | 1.079 | 0.949–1.227 |
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00-L99) | 0.825 | 0.717–0.949 | 0.523 | 0.487–0.562 | 0.720 | 0.606–0.855 |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99) | 1.582 | 1.360–1.840 | 0.958 | 0.900–1.019 | 1.171 | 1.021–1.343 |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system (N00-N99) | 1.544 | 1.329–1.795 | 0.915 | 0.862–0.972 | 0.966 | 0.844–1.105 |
| Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O99) | 3.005 | 1.935–4.670 | 0.777 | 0.703–0.860 | 1.548 | 0.754–3.175 |
| Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96) | 2.141 | 1.793–2.557 | 1.143 | 0.791–1.652 | 2.342 | 1.544–3.551 |
| Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99) | 3.727 | 3.044–4.562 | 1.138 | 0.909–1.425 | 0.950 | 0.585–1.542 |
| Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99) | 2.237 | 1.981–2.527 | 1.976 | 1.872–2.086 | 2.060 | 1.817–2.337 |
| Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T98) | 1.421 | 1.257–1.607 | 1.013 | 0.960–1.070 | 1.200 | 1.055–1.365 |
| External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01-Y98) | 1.343 | 1.095–1.648 | 1.447 | 1.343–1.558 | 1.336 | 1.109–1.611 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.