Table 3. Total, natural direct and indirect effects for mortality (1,000 person-years) using Baron and Kenny and inverse odds ratio weighting among participants with ≤12 and 13+ years of schooling.
| Treatment Effects (1,000 person-years)a,b | Baron and Kenny | 95% CIc | Inverse Odds Ratio Weighting | 95% CIc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 12 years of schooling (N=10,682) | ||||
| Totald | -8.4 | (-11.5, -6.6) | -8.4 | (-11.5, -6.6) |
| Natural Direct | -6.7 | (-9.7, -4.8) | -7.4 | (-14.3, -2.9) |
| Natural Indirect | -1.7 | (-2.3,-1.1) | -0.95 | (-5.5, 4.7) |
| 13+ years of schooling (N=16,611) | ||||
| Totald | -3.7 | (-6.6, -0.80) | -3.7 | (-6.6, -0.80) |
| Natural Direct | -3.4 | (-6.5, -0.60) | -3.1 | (-6.6, 0.85) |
| Natural Indirect | -0.23 | (-0.91,0.58) | -0.60 | (-3.2, 1.7) |
a
Exposure: z-scored years of schooling with one standard deviation = 3 years of schooling
Mediator: z-scored literacy score with one standard deviation =2 on a 10-point scale.
b
Covariates: age, sex, race/ethnicity, self-rated childhood health status, and five indicators of early life SES combined into a single scale including mother's and father's educational attainment, father's occupational status, birth in southern US, and rural residence during childhood.
c
Obtained using nonparametric bootstrap.
d
Estimation of total effects is the same for Baron and Kenny and inverse odds ratio weighting.