Table 6.
Quantitative characteristics of PEEK-based particles used in the biocompatibility studies
| Study | Particle production | Material | Feret’s diameter (µm) | ECD (µm) | Range (µm) | AR | E | R | FF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utzschneider et al. [44]* | Cryopulverization | UHMWPE CRF-PEEK (pitch) CRF-PEEK (Pan) |
0.79 ± 0.3 1.22 ± 0.5 1.39 ± 0.3 |
– | – | 1.65 1.61 1.60 |
– | 0.51 0.51 0.54 |
0.63 0.63 0.66 |
| Hallab et al. [17]† | Cryomilling/pulverization | UHMWPE X-UHMWPE PEEK |
0.5 ± 0.2; 1.7 ± 0.8; 13 ± 5 0.3 ± 0.2; 2.2 ± 0.9; 10 ± 4 0.7 ± 0.3; 2.4 ± 1.1; 13 ± 6 |
– | – | 1.1–4 1.1–4 1.1–4 |
– | – | – |
| Cunningham et al. [6] | Cryomilling/pulverization | UHMWPE PEEK |
1.2 0.8 |
– | 0.6–11.0 0.5–18.5 |
– | – | – | – |
| Lorber et al. [29]* | Cryopulverization | UHMWPE CRF-PEEK (pitch) CRF-PEEK (Pan) |
0.79 ± 0.3 1.22 ± 0.5 1.39 ± 0.3 |
– | – | 1.65 1.61 1.60 |
– | 0.51 0.51 0.54 |
0.63 0.63 0.66 |
| Grupp et al. [12]‡ | Not specified | UHMWPE CRF-PEEK (Pan) |
0.13 to 0.24 0.27 to 0.35 |
– | 0.01 to 1-15 0.01 to 1-15 |
– | – | – | – |
* Particles originated from the same study; †study tested three size ranges per material; ‡particles originated from Grupp et al. [15]; each column represents a mean value; PEEK = polyetheretherketone; X-UHMWPE = crosslinked UHMWPE; ECD = equivalent circle diameter; AR = aspect ratio; E = elongation ratio; R = roundness; FF = form factor.