Table 1.
Vitamin D findings in the schizophreniform and autism spectrum syndrome groups.
| Schizophreniform syndromes (n = 60) | Autism spectrum syndromes (n = 23) | Entire patient cohort (n = 83) | German control group (n = 3 917)a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic information | ||||
| Age – mean ± SD | 33.5 ± 11.3 | 31.7 ± 10.6 | 33.0 ± 11.1 | n.a.b |
| Age – range | 18–71 years | 19–57 years | 18–71 years | 18–79 years |
| Gender – ratio | 35 males:25 females | 16 males:7 females | 51 males:32 females | 1,706 males:2,211 females |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Vitamin D levels (in ng/ml) – mean ± SD | 15.0 ± 9.8 | 14.5 ± 9.8 | 14.9 ± 9.8 | 18 ± 12.6c |
| Vitamin D levels from 0 to 5 ng/ml | 6 (10%) | 2 (8.7%) | 8 (9.6%) | 2% |
| Vitamin D levels from 5 to 10 ng/ml | 17 (28.3%) | 10 (43.5%) | 27 (32.5%) | 14.3% |
| Severe vitamin D deficiency (levels <10 ng/ml) | 23 (38.3%) | 12 (52.2%) | 35 (42.2%) | 16.3% |
| Vitamin D levels from 10 to 20 ng/ml | 25 (41.7%) | 6 (26.1%) | 31 (37.3%) | 41% |
| Overall vitamin D deficiency (levels <20 ng/ml) | 48 (80%) | 18 (78.3%) | 66 (79.5%) | 57.3% |
| Relative insufficiency of vitamin D levels from 20 to 30 ng/ml | 9 (15.0%) | 3 (13.0%) | 12 (14.5%) | 20.8% |
| Recommended vitamin D levels from 30 to 60 ng/ml | 3 (5.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 5 (6.0%) | 21.9%d |
aReported in Linseisen et al. (13).
bInformation not available.
cSD for the historical control group was post hoc and calculated by us.
dReported are values >30 ng/ml.
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.