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. 2016 Oct 6;7:1567. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01567

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Copyright © 2016 Regode, Kuruba, Mohammad and Sharma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of Cry1Ac on larval survival. The early fourth-instar larvae were used for bioassay. The larvae were reared on (A) pro-Cry1Ac and (B) active Cry1Ac (formed after the processing of pro-Cry1Ac by gut bacterial proteases) toxin treated artificial diet. (●) mortality percent in larvae reared on toxin treated artificial diet and (◆) mortality percent in larvae reared on artificial diet treated with both toxin and antibiotic cocktail. To eliminate gut bacteria the larvae were reared on diet treated with 100 μl of antibiotic cocktail (stock: 1 mg/ml of each antibiotic) per gram diet till fourth-instar, and then reared on antibiotic cocktail containing diet treated with toxin. There were three replications for each treatment and 10 larvae in each replication in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each value represents the average of three experiments.