Fig. 1.

A brief summary of the known molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, cytotoxic, anti-mutagenic, anti-metastatic, and NK-mediated cytotoxic effects of N. sativa. (TSA: total sialic acid, LSA: lipid-bound sialic acid, AFP: α-fetoprotein, TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6: interleukin-6, MDA: malondialdehyde, NO: nitric oxide, ROS, reactive oxygen species, GSH: glutathione, t-PA: tissue-type plasminogen activator, u-PA: urokinase-type plasminogen activator, PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, IFNγ: interferon γ).