Table 2. Participant characteristics by metabolic syndrome status before matching.
| Characteristics | Metabolic syndrome status (Before matching) |
P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 6677) | Yes (n = 1636) | ||
| Sex (male, %) | 47.73 | 68.22 | <0.0001 |
| Age (y) | 41.55 (41.28, 41.82)b | 47.37 (46.75, 47.99) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.41 (23.34, 23.48) | 27.32 (27.15, 27.49) | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity (Mets × hours/week) | 9.08 (8.77, 9.36) | 9.36 (8.74, 10.03) | 0.43 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2210.42 (2185.33, 2235.79) | 2251.05 (2199.73, 2303.57) | 0.17 |
| Education (≥College graduate, %) | 61.49 | 40.59 | <0.0001 |
| Household income (≥10,000 Yuan, %) | 36.86 | 33.19 | <0.01 |
| Born in local (Yes, %) | 61.18 | 63.69 | 0.06 |
| Living time in local (≥10 years, %) | 77.82 | 78.97 | 0.31 |
| Smoking status (%) | |||
| Smoker | 16.98 | 21.58 | <0.0001 |
| Ex-smoker | 4.42 | 7.46 | <0.0001 |
| Drinking status (%) | |||
| Everyday | 4.13 | 9.41 | <0.0001 |
| Sometime | 58.18 | 56.54 | 0.23 |
| Ex-drinker | 6.80 | 7.03 | 0.74 |
| Employment status (%) | |||
| Managers | 36.77 | 29.16 | <0.0001 |
| Professionals | 17.22 | 13.33 | <0.0001 |
| Family history of diseases (%) | |||
| CVD | 30.90 | 29.58 | 0.30 |
| Hypertension | 45.92 | 45.17 | 0.59 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.46 | 0.12 | 0.048 |
| Diabetes | 19.05 | 19.80 | 0.49 |
aAnalysis of variance or chi-square test.
bLeast square mean (95% confidence interval) (all such values).