Table 2.
Descriptive Characteristics of Study Sample
Legend: Low ED Volume defined as lower or equal to average facility-specific ED census for three-hour time block during which the PE imaging results were obtained. Acuity1 patient is any ED patient with an Emergency Severity Index of 1 present at time of imaging result. KPNC Tenure is physician tenure at time of visit with the medical group. Clinical load is defined by the number of patients currently in the ED and electronically assigned to the enrolling provider. Incentive was a coffee gift card. PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, KPNC: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, CDSS: Clinical decision support system, Pt(s): patient(s).
| Characteristics | Total | CDSS Not Activated | CDSS Activated | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 662 (100.0) | 296 (100.0) | 366 (100.0) | |||
| Facility | Site | Passive | 150 (22.7) | 130 (43.9) | 20 (5.5) |
| Active | 512 (77.3) | 166 (56.1) | 346 (94.5) | ||
| Low ED Volume | No | 334 (50.5) | 166 (56.1) | 168 (45.9) | |
| Yes | 328 (49.6) | 130 (43.9) | 198 (54.1) | ||
| Presence Acuity1 Pt. | No | 538 (81.3) | 259 (87.5) | 279 (76.2) | |
| Yes | 124 (18.7) | 37 (12.5) | 87 (23.8) | ||
| Patient | Insurance | Commercial | 268 (40.5) | 114 (38.5) | 154 (42.1) |
| Medicaid | 29 (4.4) | 11 (3.7) | 18 (4.9) | ||
| Medicare | 316 (47.7) | 151 (51.0) | 165 (45.1) | ||
| Unknown | 49 (7.4) | 20 (6.8) | 29 (7.9) | ||
| PESI class | I, II | 273 (41.2) | 107 (36.2) | 166 (45.4) | |
| III, I V, V | 389 (58.8) | 189 (63.9) | 200 (54.6) | ||
| Provider | Gender | Female | 252 (38.1) | 104 (35.1) | 148 (40.4) |
| Male | 410 (61.9) | 192 (64.9) | 218 (59.6) | ||
| Age | <40 | 288 (43.5) | 107 (36.2) | 181 (49.5) | |
| 40+ | 374 (56.5) | 189 (63.9) | 185 (50.6) | ||
| KPNC Tenure | <5 yrs | 451 (68.1) | 189 (63.9) | 262 (71.6) | |
| 5+ yrs | 211 (31.9) | 107 (36.2) | 104 (28.4) | ||
| Clinical Load (Pts) | <5 | 362 (54.7) | 151 (51.0) | 211 (57.7) | |
| 5+ | 300 (45.3) | 145 (49.0) | 155 (42.4) | ||
| Incentives Received | 0 | 325 (49.1) | 131 (44.3) | 194 (53.0) | |
| 1 | 116 (17.5) | 26 (8.8) | 90 (24.6) | ||
| 2 | 48 (7.3) | 8 (2.7) | 40 (10.9) | ||
| 3 | 23 (3.5) | 1 (0.3) | 22 (6.0) | ||
| N/A | 150 (22.7) | 130 (43.9) | 20 (5.5) | ||