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. 2016 Sep 28;7:12772. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12772

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

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(a) Temperature dependence of the relative permittivity at 1 MHz of the Bi_0.68Pb_0.32Fe_0.655Mn_0.025Ti_0.32O₃ ceramic, showing significant thermal hysteresis on a heating and cooling cycle (Inset: dc conductivity (σ) vs inverse absolute temperature (T). Electrical ordering temperature (T_C) and activation energy (E_a) values are indicated). (b) P-E hysteresis loops and (c) current density curves for the ceramic under study (ternary system) and those for the MPB composition of the binary system (0.675BiFeO₃–0.325PbTiO₃) for comparison.