Table 4.

Coefficient estimates from standard ordered probit versus hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) models of self-rated health: CFPS-2012 and CHARLS-2011.

	CFPS-2012 (N = 23,207)			CHARLS-2011 (N = 5,928)
	Ordered Probit	HOPIT		Ordered Probit	HOPIT
		Parallel Shift	Non-Parallel Shift		Parallel Shift	Non-Parallel Shift
Age (mean-centered and divided by 10)	−0.279***	−0.294***	−0.301***	−0.252**	−0.285**	−0.303***
Age-square	0.031***	0.015**	0.015**	0.045	0.026	0.020
Male (ref: female)	0.229***	0.312***	0.308***	0.152***	0.270***	0.298***
Marital status (ref: married/cohabit)
Single	−0.051*	−0.114***	−0.095***	−0.499**	−0.555**	−0.557***
Divorced/Widowed	−0.086*	−0.074	−0.057	0.097	0.122*	0.162**
Years of education	0.004*	0.012***	0.011***	0.010*	0.017***	0.009*
Episodic memory	0.036***	0.018***	0.017***	0.057***	0.030**	0.021*
Employed (ref: no)	0.143***	0.138***	0.143***	0.347***	0.313***	0.351***
Family income quartiles (poorest)
2nd	0.003	0.000	0.003	0.177***	0.165***	0.172***
3rd	0.032	0.068**	0.072**	0.254***	0.297***	0.313***
4th (richest)	0.037	0.061*	0.061*	0.369***	0.402***	0.425***
Cadre/Party member (ref: no)	0.080**	0.013	0.012	0.149*	0.061	0.065
Family cadre/party member (ref: no)	0.066**	0.050*	0.055*	—	—	—
Residence and hukou status (ref: rural)
Rural-to-urban migrant	0.032	0.057*	0.063**	0.151***	0.166**	0.143***
Rural resident with urban hukou	−0.018	−0.003	0.007	0.114	0.126	0.118
Urban resident with urban hukou	−0.033	−0.064**	−0.054*	0.169***	0.108*	0.099
σ	—	1.244***	1.231***	—	0.914***	0.917***

Notes: Estimates of ancillary parameters are not shown. All the models control for regional variation. Coefficients in the HOPIT models have been rescaled to be comparable to those in the ordered probit model.

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01;

^***p<0.001.