Table 5.

Rural-urban stratified coefficient estimates from standard ordered probit versus hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) models of self-rated health: CFPS-2012.

	Rural Sample (N = 16,002)			Urban Sample (N = 7,205)
	Ordered Probit	HOPIT		Ordered Probit	HOPIT
		Parallel Shift	Non-Parallel Shift		Parallel Shift	Non-Parallel Shift
Age (mean-centered and divided by 10)	−0.285***	−0.304***	−0.312***	−0.261***	−0.261***	−0.265***
Age-square	0.022***	0.004	0.005	0.057***	0.048***	0.042***
Male (ref: female)	0.238***	0.310***	0.306***	0.204***	0.303***	0.296***
Marital status (ref: married/cohabit)
Single	−0.034	−0.054	−0.034	−0.072	−0.218***	−0.199**
Divorced/Widowed	−0.065	−0.046	−0.033	−0.102	−0.096	−0.067
Years of education	0.003	0.011***	0.011***	0.009*	0.013**	0.010*
Episodic memory	0.032***	0.020**	0.019**	0.046***	0.017	0.015
Employed (ref: no)	0.164***	0.163***	0.157***	0.165***	0.206***	0.210***
Family income quartiles (poorest)
2nd	−0.005	−0.004	0.000	0.024	−0.045	−0.041
3rd	0.017	0.068*	0.073**	0.064	0.000	0.008
4th (richest)	0.007	0.044	0.044	0.091*	0.035	0.038
Cadre/Party membership (ref: no)	0.098*	0.001	0.000	0.049	0.008	0.007
Family cadre/Party member (ref: no)	0.041	0.032	0.039	0.096**	0.078*	0.076*
Urban hukou (ref: rural hukou)	−0.020	−0.033	−0.026	−0.083*	−0.117**	−0.101*
Σ	—	1.284***	1.271***	—	1.154***	1.157***

Notes: Estimates of ancillary parameters are not shown. All the models control for regional variation. Coefficients in the HOPIT models have been rescaled to be comparable to those in the ordered probit model.

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01;

^***p<0.001.