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. 2016 Jan 25;68(2):237–245. doi: 10.1002/acr.22656

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© 2016 The Authors. Arthritis Care & Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Structural equation model (SEM) of the association between latent variables preoperative WOMAC pain‐on‐movement (W_m,−1), preoperative WOMAC pain‐at‐rest (W_r−1), acute postoperative pain‐on‐movement (M), acute pain‐at‐rest (R), postoperative WOMAC pain‐on‐movement (W_m12), and postoperative WOMAC pain‐at‐rest (W_r12) in total knee replacement (TKR) patients. Arrows indicate direction of effects, coefficients are in the natural units of the measurement scales, and P values are based on z‐distribution. Arrow between W_m12 and W_r12 indicates correlation coefficient. Models are estimated using maximum likelihood allowing for missing values. Full SEM models, including confirmatory factor analysis, are presented in Supplementary Figure 5 (available on the Arthritis Care & Research web site at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.22656/abstract). 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.