Table I.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Included Participants
| Metformin Dose (mg) | 0–499 | 500–999 | 1,000–1,499 | 1,500–1,999 | 2,000–2,499 | ≥2,500 | P‐Trend | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants (No. [%]) | 37 (11%) | 25 (8%) | 97 (30%) | 38 (12%) | 113 (35%) | 16 (5%) | – | 326 (100%) |
| Age (years) | 62 (58–71) | 57 (49–60) | 58 (51–64) | 60 (53–62) | 58 (53–64) | 60 (56–65) | 0.100 | 58 (52–64) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 (24.4–31.6) | 27.8 (25.6–30.3) | 28.3 (25.7–33.4) | 27.8 (25.7–33.4) | 30.3 (27.2–33.9) | 30.3 (28.8–32.6) | 0.001 | 28.8 (25.7–33.1) |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.90 (6.60–7.60) | 6.90 (6.60–7.30) | 7.10 (6.70–7.50) | 7.05 (6.70–7.60) | 7.10 (6.80–7.60) | 7.50 (7.05–7.85) | 0.011 | 7.10 (6.70–7.60) |
| Duration of T2DM (years) | 7 (5.0–10.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.5 (2.0–8.0) | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 7.0 (4.0–14.0) | 9.0 (5.0–11.5) | 0.015 | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 2.66 (1.99–3.12) | 2.28 (1.93–2.55) | 2.35 (1.57–2.92) | 2.15 (1.61–2.60) | 2.01 (1.41–2.42) | 2.20 (1.59–2.92) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.58–2.76) |
| Ethnicity (No. [%]) | ||||||||
| African | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | 6 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (3%) | 1 (6%) | 0.644 | 11 (3%) |
| European | 24 (65%) | 12 (48%) | 47 (48%) | 17 (45%) | 72 (64%) | 10 (63%) | 182 (56%) | |
| Far Eastern | 1 (3%) | 2 (8%) | 10 (10%) | 4 (11%) | 4 (4%) | 1 (6%) | 22 (7%) | |
| Indian/South Asian | 11 (29%) | 9 (36%) | 30 (31%) | 14 (37%) | 22 (19%) | 4 (25%) | 90 (28%) | |
| Other | 1 (3%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (4%) | 3 (8%) | 12 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (6%) | |
| Antihyperglycemics (No. [%]) | ||||||||
| Metformin | 1 (3%) | 25 (100%) | 97 (100%) | 38 (100%) | 113 (100%) | 16 (100%) | – | 290 (89%) |
| Sulfonylureas | 28 (76%) | 3 (12%) | 20 (21%) | 14 (37%) | 56 (50%) | 8 (50%) | 0.596 | 129 (40%) |
| Thiazolidinediones | 10 (27%) | 3 (12%) | 16 (16%) | 4 (11%) | 27 (24%) | 8 (50%) | 0.167 | 68 (21%) |
| No. antihyperglycemics (No.) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1.5–3) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1–2) |
| Other medications (No. [%]) | ||||||||
| Statins | 21 (57%) | 16 (64%) | 66 (68%) | 28 (74%) | 84 (74%) | 12 (75%) | 0.031 | 227 (70%) |
| ASA | 16 (43%) | 9 (36%) | 53 (55%) | 18 (47%) | 68 (60%) | 11 (69%) | 0.014 | 175 (54%) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 1 (3%) | 5 (20%) | 13 (13%) | 8 (21%) | 19 (17%) | 4 (22%) | 0.049 | 50 (15%) |