Table 1.
Patient baseline demographic and clinical characteristicsa
| Female | 95 (94) |
| Age, mean ± SD years | 40.9 ± 12.8 |
| Disease duration, mean ± SD years | 9.3 ± 8.1 |
| Ethnic distribution (n = 99) | |
| White (British, Irish) | 62 (63) |
| Black (Caribbean, African) | 12 (12) |
| Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi) | 14 (14) |
| Chinese | 1 (1) |
| Other Asian | 3 (3) |
| Mixed | 7 (7) |
| Clinical characteristics (ACR criteria) | |
| Malar rash | 43 (43) |
| Photosensitivity rash | 47 (47) |
| Discoid rash | 12 (12) |
| Mouth ulcers | 47 (47) |
| Arthritis | 92 (91) |
| Serositis | 45 (45) |
| Renal disease | 21 (21) |
| Central nervous system disease | 8 (8) |
| Hematologic disease | 73 (72) |
| Positive antinuclear antibodies | 96 (95) |
| Positive dsDNA, Sm, or APA antibodies | 80 (79) |
| Marital status (n = 94) | |
| Married | 53 (56) |
| Single | 36 (38) |
| Divorced | 5 (5) |
a
Values are the number (%) unless stated otherwise. ACR = American College of Rheumatology; dsDNA = double‐stranded DNA.