Table 1.
Linear mixed effects models investigating the effects of year, restraint stress, and sex on circulating concentrations of corticosterone in Lapland longspurs and white-crowned sparrows. Bold text indicates significant result.
| Independent variable | Lapland longspurs |
White-crowned sparrows |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| df | F | P | df | F | P | |
| Year | 2,58 | 5.87 | 0.005 | 3,49 | 1.20 | 0.32 |
| Sex | 1,41 | 0.73 | 0.40 | 1,46 | 4.08 | 0.05 |
| Mean air temperature | 1,43 | 0.12 | 0.73 | 1,46 | 1.59 | 0.21 |
| Snow cover% | 1,44 | 0.29 | 0.59 | 1,46 | 2.74 | 0.10 |
| Restraint | 3,30 | 119.83 | <0.001 | 1,49 | 398.28 | <0.001 |
| Year x restraint | 6,39 | 6.43 | <0.001 | 3,49 | 1.42 | 0.25 |