Table 1.

Correlations and Descriptive Statistics of Study Variables

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	Mean	SD
1. American orientation	–													2.98	0.64
2. Chinese orientation	.18*	–												3.67	0.55
3. Depressive symptoms	−.25**	.17*	–											5.90	6.28
4. Psychological well-being	.37	.004	−.36**	–										5.21	0.61
5. Physical coercion	.09	.31**	.17*	−.24**	–									1.73	0.55
6. Verbal hostility	.02	.04	.25**	−.26**	.44**	–								1.93	0.51
7. Punitive	−.03	−.02	.17*	−.17*	.36**	.49**	–							1.61	0.60
8. Warmth	.14	.07	−.09	.34**	−.15	−.24**	−.27**	–						4.32	0.47
9. Reasoning	.08	.10	.08	.22**	−.04	−.11	−.15	.66**	–					4.15	0.56
10. Autonomy granting	.09	.14	.03	.25**	−.04	−.17*	−.19*	.60**	.64**	–				3.75	0.65
11. Maternal Education	.38**	−.01	−.16*	.16*	−.05	.06	.01	.04	−.002	.04	–			6.57	0.73
12. Child gender	−.04	.11	.12	−.05	.08	−.05	.13	.01	−.01	.003	−.01	–		1.46	0.50
13. Child age	.03	−.07	−.06	−.06	.13	.10	.02	−.07	.02	−.01	.03	−.04	–	4.52	0.91
14. Maternal age	.11	−.03	−.15	.09	.04	−.01	.06	−.04	−.02	−.12	.05	−.15	.34**	37.80	4.46

Note:

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.