Table 2.
Study, year | Exposure/intervention description | Design | N | Locationa | Chronic pain type (s) | Outcome measuresb | Follow-up time, in weeks | Sample characteristics | Pain results | Function results | GRADE score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abrams, Neurology, 2007 | Cannabis vs. placebo cigarettes | RCT | 55 | Clinical research unit | Neuropathic | Pain: VAS Function: Profile of Mood States (POMS) |
1 | All HIV+; in intervention group, mean age 50, 52% white, 81% male, median CD4 = 355 cells/mL, 70% undetectable viral load | Greater improvement in VAS in cannabis vs. placebo group (34% vs. 17%, p = .03). | No significant difference | 2 |
Trafton, Journal of Behavioral Health Services Research, 2012 | CBT, 12 group sessions | Pre-post | 60 | HIV primary carec | Mixed: leg 81.7%, foot 73.3%, low back 68.3%, arm/hand 63.3%, neck 51.7%; | Pain and function: POQ |
24 | All HIV+; for intervention group: mean age 50, 33% white, 45% black, 10% other, 65% male | Improvement in POQ pain intensity (7.3–5.2, p < .001) | Improvement in POQ function (87.2–72.0, p < .001) | 1 |
Cucciare, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2009 | CBT, 12 group sessions | Pre-post | 60 | HIV primary care, included VA patients | Mixed | Pain and function: POQ |
12 | All HIV+, mean age 50, 33% white, 65% male, | Improvement in total POQ score (85–75, p ≤ .05) | Improvement in POQ psychologic subscale (41 to 33, p < .01). No difference in physical subscale | 1 |
Dorfman, Pain Medicine, 2013 | Self-hypnosis 3 sessions | Pre-post | 41 | Outpatients | Neuropathic | Pain: McGill-SF Function Medical Outcomes Study Quality of Life measure for HIV (MOS-QOL) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) |
10 | All HIV+, mean age 48, 17% white, 73% male, median CD4 409 cells/mL, median HIV viral load 116 copies/mL | Improvement in McGill-SF total pain score (17.8–13.2, p < .0001) | Improvement in MOS-QOL. Improvement in CES-D among individuals with high pretreatment depression scores (23.7–18.0. No difference in STAI | 1 |
If Veterans were included, this was noted.
Only pain and function outcomes were included in this table.
Study received Institutional Review Board approval from VA but unclear whether Veterans were enrolled.
RCT = Randomized controlled trial.