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. 2016 Oct 7;7:408. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00408

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Copyright © 2016 van Beek, Sovran, Hugenholtz, Meijer, Hoogerland, Mihailova, van der Ploeg, Belzer, Boekschoten, Hoeijmakers, Vermeij, de Vos, Wells, Leenen, Nicoletti, Hendriks and Savelkoul.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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L. casei or L. plantarum supplementation altered myeloid and lymphoid development in bone marrow and thymus of Ercc1^−/Δ7 mice. (A–D) Mean frequencies in bone marrow (BM) were determined by flow cytometry. Granulocyte–monocyte precursors (GMP) were defined as Lin⁻CD117^hiCD11c⁻CD135⁻CD16/32⁺, neutrophils as CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺, monocytes as Ly6C^hiCD31⁻, and B-lineage cells as CD19⁺CD45R⁺. (E–H) Mean absolute numbers were determined by cell counts and flow cytometry. Double-negative (DN) cells were defined as CD3⁻CD4⁻CD8⁻, double-positive (DP) cells as CD3⁻CD4⁺CD8⁺, CD4⁺ single-positive (SP) as CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8⁻, and CD8⁺ SP as CD3⁺CD4⁻CD8⁺. Data represent the mean + SEM from four to six animals per group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. LP, L. plantarum WCFS1; LC, L. casei BL23; BB, B. breve DSM20213.