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. 2008 Jun 14;6(1):8–28. doi: 10.1016/S1672-0229(08)60017-0

Table 1.

Identification and clustering of 162 putative gravity sensitive genes*

Accession No. Gene symbol 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# Gene description Biological process
CLUSTER I
NM_001657 AREG −11.43 −10.72 1.13 −1.73 −3.25 amphiregulin (schwannoma-derived growth factor) Cell communication
NM_006010 ARMET −2.78 −2.77 −1.43 −1.83 −1.85 arginine-rich, mutated in early stage tumors Unknown
NM_001673 ASNS −2.87 −3.32 1.31 −3.99 −1.59 asparagine synthetase (ASNS), transcript variant 2 Amino acid metabolism
NM_004343 CALR −3.08 −2.92 −1.77 −1.49 −1.75 calreticulin Cell cycle
NM_014685 HERPUD1 −4.61 −4.44 −1.94 −3.04 −3.52 homocysteine-inducible, endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible, ubiquitin-like domain member 1, transcript variant 1 Protein metabolism
NM_004134 HSPA5 −4.98 −4.25 −2.03 −2.87 −3.49 heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa) Cell cycle
NM_013417 IARS −3.95 −3.42 −3.87 −2.37 isoleucine-tRNA synthetase (IARS), transcript variant long Protein metabolism
NM_004563 PCK2 −4.18 −4.17 1.37 −3.14 −1.88 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1 Glucose metabolism
NM_004911 PDIA4 −4.28 −3.12 −2.63 −2.42 −2.50 protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 4 Unknown
NM_006623 PHGDH −2.53 −3.63 1.39 −5.59 −2.00 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase Development
NM_022044 SDF2L1 −3.68 −3.46 −3.05 −2.63 stromal cell-derived factor 2-like 1 Unknown
NM_001005291 SREBF1 −3.64 −4.55 −1.30 −2.04 −1.69 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, transcript variant 1 Cellular lipid metabolism
NM_003299 TRA1 −3.26 −3.21 −1.75 −2.20 −2.59 tumor rejection antigen (gp96) 1 Cell cycle
NM_021158 TRIB3 −3.68 −4.76 1.48 −5.98 −3.09 tribbles homolog 3 (Drosophila) Unknown
CLUSTER II
NM_001605 AARS −1.73 −1.83 −1.01 −1.43 −1.22 alanyl-tRNA synthetase Protein metabolism
NM_001001937 ATP5A1 −1.64 −1.12 1.04 −1.20 −1.25 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit, isoform 1 Development
NM_001697 ATP5O −2.06 −1.93 1.09 −1.39 −1.60 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, O subunit Development
BC000228 BC000228 −3.02 −1.83 −2.23 −1.41 −2.03 Similar to transducin-like enhancer of split 1, homolog of Drosophila E (sp1) Unknown
NM_032621 BEX2 −2.86 −2.69 −1.22 −1.57 brain expressed X-linked 2 Unknown
NM_001005266 C15orf21 −2.40 −3.07 −1.58 −1.43 chromosome 15 open reading frame 21, transcript variant 1 Unknown
NM_001009924 C20orf30 −1.71 −1.11 −1.41 −1.35 chromosome 20 open reading frame 30, transcript variant 2 Unknown
NM_000071 CBS −1.98 −1.93 −1.91 −1.38 cystathionine-beta-synthase Amino acid metabolism
NM_014550 CARD10 −1.47 −1.38 −1.52 −1.29 caspase recruitment domain family, member 10 Cell cycle
NM_004360 CDH1 −1.52 −1.77 −1.96 −1.63 cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial) Cell adhesion
NM_025233 COASY −1.51 −1.32 Coenzyme A synthase Unknown
NM_001316 CSE1L −1.26 −1.62 −1.57 −1.52 CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like (yeast), transcript variant 1 Cell cycle
D00022 D00022 −1.57 −1.32 −1.01 −1.33 −1.13 mRNA for F1 beta subunit, complete cds Unknown
NM_032552 DAB2IP −1.24 −1.85 −1.33 −1.19 DAB2 interacting protein, transcript variant 1 Unknown
NM_004394 DAP −1.66 −1.29 1.05 −1.27 −1.13 death-associated protein Cell cycle
NM_033657 DAP3 −1.23 −1.28 −1.01 −1.61 −1.24 death-associated protein 3 Cell cycle
NM_001919 DCI −3.00 −3.51 −1.55 dodecenoyl-Coenzyme A delta isomerase (3,2-trans-enoyl-Coenzyme A isomerase), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein Cellular lipid metabolism
NM_001360 DHCR7 −1.51 −1.52 −1.51 −1.95 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase Cellular lipid metabolism
NM_006824 EBNA1BP2 −1.56 −1.22 −1.31 −1.09 EBNA1 binding protein 2 Cell organization and biogenesis
NM_006579 EBP −1.54 −1.58 −1.25 −1.43 emopamil binding protein (sterol isomerase) Development
NM_001398 ECH1 −1.73 −1.63 −1.27 −1.60 enoyl Coenzyme A hydratase 1, peroxisomal Cellular lipid metabolism
NM_001404 EEF1G −1.65 −1.51 −1.29 −1.30 −1.44 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma Protein metabolism
NM_013234 EIF3S12 −1.66 −1.28 −1.27 −1.12 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit 12 Unknown
NM_003756 EIF3S8 −1.45 −1.51 −1.55 −1.62 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit 3 gamma, 40 kDa Protein metabolism
BC047866 ENST 00000265423 −1.78 −1.26 −1.12 −1.06 chromosome 6 open reading frame 62, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:57512 IMAGE:6499979) Unknown
NM_004446 EPRS −1.96 −1.91 −1.24 glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase Protein metabolism
NM_144503 F11R −1.10 −1.14 −1.56 −1.36 F11 receptor Immune response
NM_004470 FKBP2 −2.51 −2.09 −1.09 −1.73 −1.55 FK506 binding protein 2, 13 kDa, transcript variant 1 Protein metabolism
NM_003910 G10 −1.59 −1.78 1.16 −1.48 −1.28 maternal G10 transcript Transcrition
NM_002047 GARS −1.70 −1.61 1.02 −1.56 −1.36 glycyl-tRNA synthetase Protein metabolism
NM_014394 GHITM −1.79 −1.88 −2.24 −1.70 growth hormone inducible transmembrane protein Unknown
NM_006098 GNB2L1 −1.02 −1.13 −1.26 −1.55 −1.36 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2-like 1 Cell communication
NM_000183 HADHB −1.57 −1.61 hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), beta subunit Cellular lipid metabolism
NM_080820 HARS2 −2.56 −1.60 −1.31 histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2 Amino acid metabolism
NM_178580 HM13 −1.49 −1.14 −1.82 −1.51 histocompatibility (minor) 13 Unknown
NM_001540 HSPA9B −2.03 −1.82 −1.12 −2.28 −1.57 heat shock 70 kDa protein 9B (mortalin-2), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein Cell cycle
NM_006764 IFRD2 −1.51 −1.42 −1.20 interferon-related developmental regulator 2 Development
NM_000210 ITGA6 −1.82 −1.42 −1.10 −1.29 integrin, alpha 6 Cell adhesion
NM_002229 JUNB −1.19 −1.83 −1.79 −2.13 jun B protooncogene Transcrition
NM_015005 KIAA0284 −1.12 −1.26 −1.63 −1.29 KIAA0284 Unknown
NM_000421 KRT10 −1.24 −1.29 −1.05 −1.76 −1.50 keratin 10 (epidermolytic hyperkeratosis; keratosis palmaris et plantaris) Development
NM_000422 KRT17 1.54 1.25 1.37 1.73 1.85 keratin 17 Development
NM_004138 KRTHA3A −1.47 −1.67 −1.30 −1.43 −1.02 keratin, hair, acidic, 3A Unknown
NM_005561 LAMP1 −1.94 −1.83 −1.23 −1.47 −1.41 lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 Unknown
NM_018407 LAPTM4B −1.54 −1.42 −1.34 lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta Unknown
M_002300 LDHB −1.33 −1.49 1.08 −1.44 −1.62 lactate dehydrogenase BN Glucose metabolism
NM_031484 MARVELD1 −1.89 −2.13 −1.53 −1.49 MARVEL domain containing 1 Unknown
NM_014874 MFN2 −1.53 −1.48 −1.26 −1.22 mitofusin 2, nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein Cell cycle
NM_014046 MRPS18B −1.90 −1.74 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18B, nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein Protein metabolism
NM_002467 MYC −1.48 −2.64 −1.74 v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian) Cell cycle
NM_004559 NSEP1 −1.38 −1.45 1.24 −1.44 −1.55 nuclease sensitive element binding protein 1 Transcrition
NM_000918 P4HB −1.65 −1.63 −1.81 −1.27 procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate 4-dioxygenase, beta polypeptide (protein disulfide isomerase-associated 1) Protein metabolism
NM_005742 PDIA6 −2.35 −2.52 −1.65 −1.46 protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 6 Unknown
NM_024895 PDZK7 −1.53 −1.47 −2.11 −1.53 1.02 PDZ domain containing 7 Unknown
NM_203473 PORCN −2.87 −2.43 −1.07 −1.49 −1.47 porcupine homolog (Drosophila) (PORCN), transcript variant B Unknown
NM_138689 PPP1R14B −1.35 −1.40 1.02 −1.49 −1.68 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14B Unknown
NM_000310 PPT1 −1.97 −1.97 −1.53 −1.43 palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 1, infantile) Protein metabolism
NM_012094 PRDX5 −1.76 −1.58 −1.07 −1.07 peroxiredoxin 5, nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 1 Immune response
NM_212472 PRKAR1A −1.28 −1.34 −1.52 −1.66 protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) Cell communication
NM_002862 PYGB −2.51 −1.55 −2.67 −1.75 phosphorylase, glycogen; brain Protein metabolism
NM_000967 RPL3 −1.56 −1.71 −1.02 −1.51 −1.33 ribosomal protein L3 Protein metabolism
NM_000968 RPL4 −1.45 −1.57 −1.32 −1.36 −1.16 ribosomal protein L4 Protein metabolism
NM_033251 RPL13 −1.25 −1.34 −1.30 −1.74 ribosomal protein L13 Protein metabolism
NM_002948 RPL15 −1.35 −1.57 1.19 −1.53 −1.52 ribosomal protein L15 Protein metabolism
NM_033251 RPL30 1.37 1.35 1.06 1.68 1.42 ribosomal protein L30 Protein metabolism
NM_033625 RPL34 1.47 1.32 −1.30 1.75 1.51 ribosomal protein L34 Protein metabolism
NM_053275 RPLP0 −1.29 −1.49 1.10 −1.17 −1.55 ribosomal protein, large, P0 Protein metabolism
NM_002950 RPN1 −2.03 −1.65 −1.59 Homo sapiens ribophorin I Protein metabolism
NM_001005 RPS3 −1.57 −1.66 −1.34 −1.18 −1.02 ribosomal protein S3 Protein metabolism
NM_183352 SEC13L1 −1.51 −1.26 −1.02 −1.20 SEC13-like 1 (S. cerevisiae), transcript variant 2 Development
NM_006640 SEPT9 −1.27 −1.78 −1.29 −1.53 septin 9 Unknown
NM_152264 SLC39A14 −1.62 −1.55 −1.29 −1.21 solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 13 Unknown
NM_014426 SNX5 −1.16 −1.26 −1.53 −1.35 Sorting Nexin 5 Cell communication
NM_021102 SPINT2 −1.57 −1.67 1.07 −1.14 −1.23 serine protease inhibitor, Kunitz type, 2 Cell motility
NM_003145 SSR2 −1.22 −1.36 −1.14 −1.58 −1.38 signal sequence receptor, beta (translocon-associated protein beta) Cell organization and biogenesis
NM_003146 SSRP1 −1.20 −1.69 −1.22 structure specific recognition protein 1 Transcrition
NM_152295 TARS −1.24 −1.57 −2.05 −1.19 threonyl-tRNA synthetase Protein metabolism
NM_012458 TIMM13 −1.63 −1.45 −1.02 −1.07 −1.35 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 13 homolog (yeast), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein Development
NM_003722 TP73L −1.51 −2.42 1.08 −1.82 −1.40 tumor protein p73-like Cell communication
NM_003329 TXN 1.69 2.06 2.21 1.98 thioredoxin Cell communication
NM_005080 XBP1 −1.61 −1.68 −1.64 −1.41 X-box binding protein 1 Transcrition
NM_003404 YWHAB −1.58 −1.46 1.49 −1.45 −1.61 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta polypeptide, transcript variant 1 Unknown
CLUSTER III
NM_006317 BASP1 1.85 1.88 1.88 1.42 brain abundant, membrane attached signal protein 1 Unknown
NM_000610 CD44 1.83 1.78 1.52 1.92 1.31 CD44 antigen Cell adhesion
NM_133467 CITED4 2.19 2.32 2.02 1.67 Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain, 4 Transcrition
NM_024045 DDX50 1.71 1.63 1.47 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 50 Unknown
NM_001967 EIF4A2 2.28 1.98 1.41 1.63 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A, isoform 2 Protein metabolism
NM_004004 GJB2 2.49 1.95 1.47 2.21 gap junction protein, beta 2, 26 kDa (connexin 26) Cell communication
NM_004832 GSTO1 2.52 4.80 2.73 glutathione S-transferase omega 1 Unknown
NM_005345 HSPA1A 2.06 2.14 1.38 1.46 heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A Cell cycle
NM_006644 HSPH1 1.55 1.61 1.21 heat shock 105 kDa/110 kDa protein 1 Protein metabolism
NM_002658 PLAU 2.22 2.85 2.30 1.87 plasminogen activator, urokinase Cell communication
NM_002835 PTPN12 2.05 2.43 1.24 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 12 Protein metabolism
NM_002872 RAC2 2.89 3.88 2.10 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 Cell communication
NM_000539 RHO 1.74 1.69 rhodopsin (opsin 2, rod pigment) Cell communication
NM_020150 SARA1 1.75 1.84 2.04 SAR1a gene homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) Cell communication
NM_021199 SQRDL 1.90 1.92 1.59 1.38 sulfide quinone reductase-like (yeast) Unknown
NM_020182 TMEPAI 1.73 2.34 1.59 2.48 1.80 transmembrane, prostate androgen induced RNA, transcript variant 1 Cell communication
NM_005499 UBA2 1.67 1.48 1.10 1.21 SUMO-1 activating enzyme subunit 2 Protein metabolism
CLUSTER IV
NM_005946 MT1A 1.64 1.52 1.85 4.11 2.26 metallothionein 1A (functional) Unknown
NM_005947 MT1B 1.72 1.84 2.37 5.00 2.70 metallothionein 1B (functional) Unknown
NM_175617 MT1E 1.49 1.63 2.33 4.40 2.81 metallothionein 1E (functional) Unknown
NM_005950 MT1G 1.92 1.88 2.25 5.23 2.71 metallothionein 1G Unknown
NM_005951 MT1H 1.87 1.84 2.28 4.68 2.68 metallothionein 1H Unknown
NM_005952 MT1X 1.88 1.76 2.28 4.54 2.48 metallothionein 1X Development
NM_005953 MT2A 2.21 2.09 2.57 6.38 2.86 metallothionein 2A Metal ion homeostasis
BC007034 ENST 00000245185 2.26 2.14 2.35 5.95 3.20 metallothionein 2A, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:12397 IMAGE:4051220) Metal ion homeostasis
CLUSTER V
NM_001101 ACTB 1.19 1.14 1.21 1.51 1.29 actin, beta Cell cycle
NM_001102 ACTN1 2.08 2.23 actinin, alpha 1 Unknown
NM_004039 ANXA2 1.26 1.32 1.20 1.55 1.29 Annexin A2 Development
NM_006476 ATP5L 1.41 1.23 1.83 1.64 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 complex, subunit g, nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein Phophorylation
NM_178508 C6orf1 1.39 1.34 1.98 1.67 chromosome 6 open reading frame 1 Unknown
NM_016289 CAB39 2.01 1.77 calcium binding protein 39 Unknown
NM_006367 CAP1 1.47 1.44 1.84 1.30 adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (yeast) Unknown
NM_152221 CSNK1E 1.60 1.22 1.16 1.60 1.33 casein kinase 1, epsilon, transcript variant 1 Cell communication
AK074742 ENST 00000361624 −2.28 −1.38 −2.38 −1.49 −2.09 cDNA FLJ90261 fis, clone NT2RM4000761 Unknown
NM_001997 FAU 1.15 1.10 1.03 1.53 1.60 Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV) ubiquitously expressed (fox derived); ribosomal protein S30 (FAU) Protein metabolism
NM_001436 FBL −1.24 −1.57 −1.03 −1.14 fibrillarin RNA metabolism
M90686 HLA-G 2.95 3.24 lymphocyte antigen (HLA-G3) Immune response
NM_001540 HSBP1 1.86 1.87 1.92 heat shock 27 kDa protein 1 Transcrition
NM_000576 IL1B 1.25 1.41 2.26 1.39 interleukin 1, beta Immune response
NM_002192 INHBA 1.40 1.55 3.20 1.77 inhibin, beta A (activin A, activin AB alpha polypeptide) Cell cycle
NM_002305 LGALS1 1.55 1.18 1.22 2.25 1.36 lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1 (galectin 1) Cell communication
NM_004528 MGST3 2.23 1.59 microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 Immune response
NM_079423 MYL6 1.49 1.40 −1.24 2.12 1.67 myosin, light polypeptide 6, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle Development
NM_004552 NDUFS5 1.19 1.25 −1.07 1.58 1.63 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 5, 15 kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase) (NDUFS5) Phophorylation
NM_002624 PFDN5 1.55 1.09 1.68 1.37 prefoldin 5, transcript variant 1 Protein metabolism
NM_007273 PHB2 −1.66 −1.50 1.11 −1.68 −1.76 prohibitin 2 Unknown
NM_021128 POLR2L 1.34 1.33 1.91 1.45 polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide L, 7.6 kDa Transcrition
NM_002791 PSMA6 1.41 1.18 1.91 1.92 proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 6 Protein metabolism
NM_006263 PSME1 1.04 1.29 2.09 1.85 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 1 (PA28 alpha) Immune response
NM_006907 PYCR1 −2.57 −1.89 −1.00 −1.47 −1.36 pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, transcript variant 1 Development
NM_175744 RHOC 1.30 1.28 1.57 1.28 ras homolog gene family, member C Unknown
NM_001026 RPS24 1.33 1.31 −1.19 1.71 1.68 ribosomal protein S24 Protein metabolism
NM_005979 S100A13 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.38 S100 calcium binding protein A13, transcript variant 2 Development
NM_005978 S100A2 1.26 1.24 −1.27 2.29 1.59 S100 calcium binding protein A2 Development
NM_001018108 SERF2 1.27 1.49 1.09 1.71 1.78 small EDRK-rich factor 2 Unknown
NM_004607 TBCA 1.53 1.32 1.63 1.50 tubulin-specific chaperone a Protein metabolism
NM_207013 TCEB2 1.22 1.26 1.85 1.89 transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 2 (18 kDa, elongin Protein metabolism
THC2276562 THC2276562 1.24 1.69 −1.31 1.96 2.56 limbic system-associated membrane protein Unknown
NM_021103 TMSB10 1.40 1.27 1.09 1.76 1.38 thymosin, beta 10 Cell organization and biogenesis
NM_000365 TPT1 1.64 1.26 −1.34 1.73 1.43 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Cell cycle
NM_006086 TUBB3 1.66 1.56 1.71 1.52 tubulin, beta 3 Unknown
NM_006701 TXNL4A −1.21 −1.18 −1.59 −1.23 thioredoxin-like 4A Unknown
NM_024292 UBL5 1.46 1.57 2.21 1.87 ubiquitin-like 5 Protein metabolism
NM_003761 VAMP8 1.19 1.23 1.66 1.72 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 Protein metabolism
NM_006373 VAT1 1.86 1.69 2.23 1.58 vesicle amine transport protein 1 homolog (T californica) Development
NM_006887 ZFP36L2 2.37 2.54 zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 2 Cell proliferation
*

A total of 162 genes were identified from the five SMG experiments to be significantly (≥1.5-fold change, p ≤0.05) differentially expressed. They were further categorized into 5 clusters and 18 functional groups. #1. Regulation value of 3-day SMG. #2. Regulation value of 4-day SMG. #3. Regulation value of 4-day SMG plus 15-day recovery. #4. Regulation value of 9-day SMG plus 50-day recovery. #5. Regulation value of 10-day SMG plus 60-day recovery.