Table 2. The prevalence of comorbid diseases among participants.

Type of comorbid diseases	Normal (n=13167)		Prehypertension (n=7100)		Hypertension (n=9825)		p
	N	Percent (95% CI)	N	Percent (95% CI)	N	Percent (95% CI)
Obesity	3513	27.7 (26.8–28.7)	2931	43.0 (41.5–44.5)	5369	60.1 (58.2–61.9)	<.001
Diabetes mellitus	694	6.2 (5.7–6.7)	718	8.8 (8.0–9.6)	2070	14.7 (13.7–15.8)	<.001
Impaired fasting glucose	2601	21.6 (20.7–22.5)	2428	32.7 (31.2–34.1)	4913	45.1 (43.3–47.0)	<.001
Dyslipidemia	3861	38.1 (36.9–39.2)	2738	47.0 (45.3–48.6)	4860	57.6 (55.4–59.7)	<.001
Cardiovascular disease	187	1.8 (1.5–2.1)	187	1.9 (1.6–2.3)	731	3.6 (3.2–4.0)	<.001
Stroke	60	0.5 (0.4–0.7)	61	0.6 (0.4–0.8)	327	1.7 (1.4–2.0)	<.001
Myocardial infarction	58	0.6 (0.4–0.8)	44	0.5 (0.3–0.6)	137	0.7 (0.5–0.9)	<.001
Angina	84	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	86	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	308	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	<.001
Chronic kidney disease	11	0.1 (0.02–0.2)	8	0.1 (0.02–0.2)	43	0.4 (0.1–0.6)	<.001
Liver function test abnormality	1264	10.4 (9.7–11.0)	1201	18.9 (17.7–20.1)	1690	26.3 (24.5–28.0)	<.001
Thyroid disease	288	2.0 (1.7–2.3)	136	1.4 (1.1–1.7)	195	1.5 (1.0–1.9)	0.20
Anemia	1426	9.9 (9.3–10.5)	467	5.6 (5.0–6.2)	892	5.6 (5.0–6.2)	<.001
Number of comorbid diseases							<.001
0	6780	50.4 (49.3–51.5)	2958	43.9 (42.4–45.4)	2922	35.2 (33.2–37.1)	<.001
1	3752	27.9 (27.0–28.9)	1960	26.3 (25.0–27.6)	2448	22.7 (21.1–24.3)	<.001
2	1956	16.0 (15.2–16.8)	1472	19.9 (18.7–21.1)	2588	24.5 (22.9–26.0)	<.001
≥3	679	5.6 (5.1–6.1)	710	9.9 (9.0–10.8)	1867	17.7 (16.3–19.2)	<.001

The number of comorbid diseases was defined by the number of diseases among diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, or hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia), cardiovascular disease (stroke, myocardial infarction, or angina), CKD, thyroid disease, anemia, and liver function test abnormalities. HDL: high density lipoprotein, LDL: low density lipoprotein, CKD: chronic kidney disease