Table 4. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval for comorbidity conditions in women and men with hypertension.

Type of comorbid diseases	Total		Male		Female
	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Chronic kidney disease	3.94 (1.71–9.07)	<.001	3.86 (1.21–12.32)	0.02	3.47 (1.05–11.48)	0.04
Obesity	2.60 (2.43–2.78)	<.001	2.67 (2.43–2.94)	<.001	2.28 (2.07–2.51)	<.001
Cardiovascular disease	2.11 (1.78–2.50)	<.001	1.86 (1.48–2.35)	<.001	2.45 (1.88–3.18)	<.001
Diabetes mellitus	2.22 (2.02–2.45)	<.001	2.03 (1.78–2.30)	<.001	2.44 (2.11–2.82)	<.001
Liver function test abnormality	1.82 (1.65–2.01)	<.001	1.78 (1.58–2.01)	<.001	1.70 (1.42–2.04)	<.001
Dyslipidemia	1.74 (1.62–1.88)	<.001	1.70 (1.53–1.89)	<.001	1.68 (1.51–1.88)	<.001
Anemia	0.88 (0.79–0.99)	0.03	1.03 (0.81–1.31)	0.80	0.92 (0.81–1.05)	0.22
Thyroid disease	0.89 (0.70–1.14)	0.35	0.63 (0.33–1.19)	0.16	0.95 (0.72–1.25)	0.71
Number of comorbid diseases ≥3	2.63 (2.37–2.92)	<.001	2.63 (2.29–3.01)	<.001	2.37 (2.03–2.76)	<.001
Number of comorbid diseases ≥2	2.10 (1.96–2.26)	<.001	2.00 (1.82–2.21)	<.001	2.08 (1.87–2.30)	<.001

Adjusted for sex (only in total), age, marital status, education level, household income, smoking status, alcohol drinking, exercise, type of insurances, and living area. The number of comorbid diseases was defined by the number of diseases among diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, or hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia), cardiovascular disease (stroke, myocardial infarction, or angina), CKD, thyroid disease, anemia, and liver function test abnormalities. HDL: high density lipoprotein, LDL: low density lipoprotein, CKD: chronic kidney disease