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. 2016 Oct 7;6:35000. doi: 10.1038/srep35000

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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An f/10 parabola focuses the main laser on a metallic target ejecting a cloud of energetic electrons. An electro-optic crystal (ZnTe) is located 1 mm downstream the target. The Coulomb fields of the moving electrons optically modify the crystal, making it birefringent. This changing is temporally encoded by a linearly polarized probe laser. By measuring the polarization modulation of the probe laser, the main properties of the emitted electrons (charge, energy, temporal profile) are retrieved.