Figure 3.
West Nile virus (WNV) infection induces dendritic cell (DC) production of interferon (IFN)‐α but not proinflammatory cytokines. DCs (50 000/well) were left unstimulated (uninf), infected with WNV Kunjin isolate (WNVKUN) at multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 1 or MOI = 5, or stimulated with poly‐inosine‐cytosine (pIC), and supernatants were harvested after 24 or 48 h. DC supernatants were assessed for amounts of (a) IFN‐α, (b) IFN‐β, (c) interleukin (IL)‐12p70 and (d) IL‐10 using Luminex assays. For IL‐12p70 and IL‐10, DCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IFN‐γ as a positive control in some experiments. Symbols represent individual donors. Numbers within the graph are the mean amount of cytokine (pg/ml). Significance was evaluated using a repeated‐measure (RM) one‐way analysis of variance (anova) followed by a Dunnett's multiple comparison test (comparing each stimulated value to the corresponding unstimulated/uninfected value). *P < 0·05; ***P < 0·001; ****P < 0·0001.