Table 3. Risk of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, renal events and cardiovascular events in reverse dippers.

Characteristic	Total mortality	Cardiovascular mortality	Renal events	Cardiovascular events
Non-dippers (versus dippers)
Not adjusted	1.83(0.75~4.49),P = 0.187	2.00(0.76~5.24),P = 0.158	2.62(1.66~4.13),P < 0.001	2.88(1.42~5.83),P = 0.003
Partly adjusted	1.01(0.33~3.11),P = 0.990	1.04(0.28~3.90),P = 0.95	1.92(1.09~3.37),P = 0.024	1.96(0.86~4.47),P = 0.108
Fully adjusted	0.71(0.22~2.29),P = 0.568	0.64(0.18~2.33),P = 0.499	1.77(0.99~3.14),P = 0.053	1.60(0.70~3.64),P = 0.261
Reverse dippers (versus dippers)
Not adjusted	6.41(2.71~15.17),P < 0.001	6.24(2.46~15.84),P < 0.001	3.68(2.22~6.11),P < 0.001	6.21(3.01~12.83),P < 0.001
Partly adjusted	6.36(2.30~17.62),P < 0.001	5.39(1.67~17.42),P = 0.005	3.34(1.81~6.14),P < 0.001	4.75(2.05~11.00),P < 0.001
Fully adjusted	5.08(1.79~14.47),P = 0.002	4.17(1.25~13.88),P = 0.02	3.00(1.59~5.65),P = 0.001	4.12(1.78~9.51),P = 0.001

Data are hazard ratios (95% CI), followed by the P value, which express the risk of non-dippers (versus dippers) and reverse dippers (versus dippers).

Partly adjusted hazard ratios were adjusted for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking and drinking, body-mass index, history of cardiovascular disease, eGFR, hemoglobin, phosphate, cholesterol, proteinuria and on RAS blockade.

In fully adjusted models, they were additionally adjusted for 24 h blood pressure.