Table 3.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association between perinatal factors and NNNS profilesˆ
| Profile 1 | Profile 2 Average |
Profile 3 | Profile 4 Above average |
Profile 5 | Profile 6 | Profile 7 Below average |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Health History | |||||||
| Asthma, ever diagnosed | 0.74 (0.34, 1.61) |
1.13 (0.64, 1.99) |
2.42 (1.37, 4.27) |
1.01 (0.56, 1.82) |
0.63 (0.32, 1.23) |
0.72 (0.38, 1.33) |
0.94 (0.49, 1.99) |
| Diabetes, ever diagnosed | 0.58 (0.17, 2.06) |
1.55 (0.72, 3.40) |
1.60 (0.68, 3.77) |
0.49 (0.17, 1.43) |
1.09 (0.43, 2.73) |
1.34 (0.59, 3.05) |
0.39 (0.09, 1.78) |
| Pre-pregnancy obesity | 1.41 (0.81, 2.54) |
0.71 (0.43, 1.20) |
1.37 (0.80, 2.35) |
0.87 (0.52, 1.44) |
1.01 (0.61, 1.68) |
1.13 (0.70, 1.84) |
0.72 (0.38, 1.38) |
| Pregnancy Conditions | |||||||
| Gestational diabetes | 1.15 (0.50, 2.66) |
1.32 (0.68, 2.54) |
0.87 (0.38, 2.02) |
1.01 (0.49, 2.09) |
1.00 (0.37, 2.02) |
1.13 (0.56, 2.27) |
0.43 (0.13, 1.42) |
| Preeclampsia | 0.46 (0.11, 1.99) |
1.01 (0.43, 2.39) |
1.33 (0.53, 3.35) |
0.43 (0.13, 1.42) |
1.26 (0.53, 3.00) |
0.96 (0.39, 2.37) |
2.05 (0.84, 5.00) |
| Depression | 1.26 (0.63, 2.53) |
1.00 (0.55, 1.82) |
0.94 (0.47, 1.87) |
0.92 (0.49, 1.71) |
0.77 (0.40, 1.51) |
0.97 (0.53, 1.77) |
1.38 (0.68, 2.79) |
| Anxiety, OCD, panic attack | 1.24 (0.61, 2.50) |
0.63 (0.32, 1.25) |
1.34 (0.70, 2.57) |
1.24 (0.69, 2.25) |
0.73 (0.36, 1.49) |
0.79 (0.40, 1.57) |
1.29 (0.64, 2.62) |
| Weight gain during pregnancy | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) |
0.91 (0.73, 1.13) |
1.00 (0.78, 1.29) |
1.04 (0.84, 1.29) |
0.92 (0.74, 1.15) |
0.92 (0.74, 1.14) |
1.44 (1.10, 1.88) |
| Pregnancy Health Behaviors | |||||||
| Smoking | 1.73 (0.54, 5.50) |
0.51 (0.12, 2.22) |
0.22 (0.02, 1.61) |
0.39 (0.09, 1.71) |
3.04 (1.20, 7.71) |
1.49 (0.52, 4.03) |
0.57 (0.08, 4.41) |
| Alcohol use | 1.48 (0.87, 2.55) |
0.54 (0.33, 0.89) |
0.53 (0.28, 0.99) |
0.81 (0.50, 1.31) |
1.68 (1.06, 2.65) |
1.32 (0.84, 2.06) |
1.09 (0.62, 1.93) |
| Physical activity | 1.06 (0.80, 1.41) |
0.88 (0.66, 1.16) |
1.31 (1.03, 1.66) |
1.05 (0.82, 1.33) |
0.81 (0.60, 1.11) |
1.07 (0.85, 1.36) |
0.77 (0.52, 1.13) |
| Labor and Delivery Factors | |||||||
| Cesarean section | 0.81 (0.47, 1.39) |
1.04 (0.67, 1.61) |
0.67 (0.40, 1.11) |
0.93 (0.60, 1.47) |
1.10 (0.69, 1.73) |
1.19 (0.77, 1.85) |
1.36 (0.78, 2.40) |
| Labor induced | 1.00 (0.55, 1.81) |
1.07 (0.66, 1.72) |
1.55 (0.93, 2.61) |
0.84 (0.51, 1.39) |
0.80 (0.48, 1.34) |
1.00 (0.62, 1.61) |
0.87 (0.46, 1.64) |
| Medication use for labor | 0.65 (0.35, 1.21) |
1.25 (0.70, 2.32) |
0.94 (0.52, 1.73) |
1.55 (0.85, 2.85) |
0.95 (0.55, 1.64) |
0.62 (0.38, 1.03) |
2.07 (0.85, 5.00) |
| Fetal distress | 2.01 (0.88, 4.58) |
0.10 (0.01, 0.72) |
0.74 (0.28, 1.98) |
0.60 (0.23, 1.57) |
2.09 (1.00, 4.37) |
1.44 (0.68, 3.03) |
1.08 (0.37, 3.19) |
| Breech birth | 1.53 (0.57, 4.15) |
0.78 (0.29, 2.06) |
0.94 (0.32, 2.80) |
0.63 (0.22, 1.84) |
1.31 (0.52, 3.30) |
1.78 (0.80, 3.97) |
0.26 (0.03, 1.91) |
| Infant Factors | |||||||
| Birthweight percentile# | 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) |
1.00 (0.80, 1.24) |
0.73 (0.56, 0.93) |
0.96 (0.77, 1.20) |
1.16 (0.92, 1.45) |
1.01 (0.81, 1.25) |
1.46 (1.10, 1.95) |
| Gestational weeks | 0.95 (0.72, 1.25) |
0.87 (0.69, 1.09) |
0.62 (0.48, 0.80) |
1.29 (1.02, 1.64) |
1.08 (0.86, 1.36) |
1.08 (0.87, 1.35) |
1.33 (0.98, 1.81) |
| Apgar score, minute 1 | 0.86 (0.70, 1.05) |
1.08 (0.88, 1.34) |
0.95 (0.78, 1.16) |
1.03 (0.84, 1.26) |
1.57 (1.14, 2.15) |
0.87 (0.74, 1.04) |
0.96 (0.75, 1.21) |
| Apgar score, minute 5 | 0.94 (0.46, 1.89) |
0.71 (0.42, 1.21) |
0.65 (0.36, 1.16) |
2.43 (1.07, 5.52) |
2.00 (0.92, 4.33) |
0.78 (0.46, 1.33) |
0.98 (0.47, 2.03) |
ˆ
Odds ratios reflect the likelihood of infants being in a particular profile as compared to all other infants. Models are adjusted for maternal age, race, education, infant gender, and birthweight percentile.
#
Birth weight percentile model is adjusted for maternal age, race, education and infant gender.
Birthweight percentile and weight gain during pregnancy have been standardized such that a one unit change corresponds to a one standard deviation change.