Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate survival models in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure
| Single predictor model for non‐survival | Multivariable model for non‐survival | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P‐value | χ 2 | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P‐value | χ 2 |
| Age (1 year increase) | 1.034 (1.022–1.045) | <0.0001 | 38.2 | 1.028 (1.015–1.041) | <0.0001 | 19.0 |
| Gender (male) | 1.09 (0.891–1.332) | 0.40 | 0.7 | — | — | — |
| Aetiology of heart failure (non‐ischaemic) | 1.204 (0.936–1.548) | 0.15 | 2.1 | — | — | — |
| LVEF (>40%/≤40%)*, increase by 1% | 0.986 (0.973–0.999) | 0.03 | 4.6 | * | * | * |
| NYHA class at admission (per 1 class up) | 1.981 (1.547–2.536) | <0.0001 | 33.0 | 1.68 (1.261–2.239) | 0.0004 | 12.6 |
| Creatinine (10 µmol/L increase) | 1.014 (1.004–1.024) | 0.006 | 6.0 | — | — | — |
| eGFR (per 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 increase) | 0.987 (0.981–0.992) | <0.0001 | 21.2 | 0.988 (0.982–0.995) | 0.0006 | 11.9 |
| Urea (10 mg/dL increase) | 1.062 (1.043–1.082) | <0.0001 | 34.3 | — | — | — |
| Uric acid (10 µmol increase) | 1.017 (1.009–1.025) | <0.0001 | 17.1 | — | — | — |
| Potassium (1 mmol/L increase) | 1.379 (1.131–1.682) | 0.0016 | 9.9 | — | — | — |
| White blood cell count (1/nL increase) | 1.027 (1.009–1.046) | 0.0033 | 6.2 | — | — | — |
| Haemoglobin (1 g/dL increase) | 0.992 (0.987–0.997) | 0.0012 | 10.0 | 0.996 (0.991–1.002) | 0.20 | 1.6 |
| Diastolic BP (10 mmHg increase) | 0.979 (0.967–0.991) | 0.0004 | 12.4 | — | — | — |
| Total cholesterol (10 mg/dL increase) | 0.835 (0.763–0.912) | <0.0001 | 17.6 | 0.885 (0.808–0.97) | 0.009 | 6.8 |
BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
—
Not included to multivariable model.
*
Not included to multivariable model due to missing data.