Table 3.

Impact of sacral neuromodulation on anorectal physiology (mean values)

Study	Anal resting pressurea		Difference	Anal squeeze pressurea		Difference	First perception (mL)		Difference	Urge volume (mL)		Difference	Maximum tolerated volume (mL)		Difference
	Pre	Post		Pre	Post		Pre	Post		Pre	Post		Pre	Post
Altomare et al.26	45	56	11	50	118	68	61	38	−23	134	110	−24	206	169	−37
Altomare et al.26	34	56	21	42	134	92	61	58	−3	120	119	−1	170	175	5
Chan and Tjandra56 (sphincter defect)	31.3	30.9	−0.4	58.4	62.4	4	NR	—	—	NR	—	—	NR	—	—
Chan and Tjandra56 (intact sphincter)	28.6	29.6	1	63.1	69	5.9	NR	—	—	NR	—	—	NR	—	—
Ganio et al.28	38	49	11	67	83	16	61	49	−12	118	87.7	−30.3	NR	—	—
Ganio et al.29	39	54	15	83	90	7	61	49	−12	112	92	−20	NR	—	—
Ganio et al.30	39	54	15	85	99	14	58.5	37	−21.5	112	92	−20	NR	—	—
George et al.51	21.9	23.0	1.1	36.6	35.6	−0.96	56.7	54.7	−2	122	90	−32	178	123	−55
Jarrett et al.50	33.8	36.0	2.2	45.6	68.4	22.8	41	27	−14	92	71	−21	129	107	−22
Kenefick et al.53	25.7	30.2	4.4	31.6	50.8	19.1	NR	—	—	82	74	−8	127	103	−24
Leroi et al.35	56.6	44.9	−11.8	41.6	29	−12.5	175 (123.7)	—	−51.3	—	—	—	202.5	200	−2.5
Matzel et al.7	NR	—	—	66	162	96	NR	—	—	NR	—	—	NR	—	—
Matzel et al.37	NR	—	—	48.5	92.7	44.2	NR	—	—	NR	—	—	NR	—	—
Melenhorst et al.40 (intact sphincter)	NR	—	—	NR	—	—	50.8 (38.9)	—	−11.9	96.1	83.3	−12.8	164	153.3	−10.7
Melenhorst et al.40 (sphincter defect)	NR	—	—	88.6	125.3	36.7	35.5 (25)	—	−10.5	59.8	75	15.2	125.5	139.1	13.6
Ratto et al.43	69.6	75.9	6.3	30.3	35.5	5.2	50.2 (50.5)	—	0.3	79	90	11	136	133.5	−2.5
Ripetti et al.57	59	74	15	89	110	21	80 (39)	—	−41	127	89	−38	NR	—	—
Roman et al.44	NR	—	—	NR	—	—	44 (71)	—	27	—	—	—	227	201	−26
Sheldon et al.45	48.6	49.3	0.7	NR	—	—	40 (32)	—	−8	71	68	−3	100	105	5
Tjandra et al.23	29.7	30.1	0.4	61.2	66.3	5.1	NR	—	—	NR	—	—	NR	—	—
Vaizey et al.24	27.6	42.3	14.7	73.6	69.9	−3.7	NR	—	—	NR	—	—	NR	—	—
Otto et al.41	33.8	39.7	5.9	86.5	101.3	14.8	62.1	86.4	24.3	108.2	145.7	37.5	148.9	188.2	39.3
Median	34	44.9	5.9	61.2	83	14.8	58.5	49	−11.9	110.1	89.5	−16.4	156.5	146.2	−6.6
Minimum	21.9	23	−11.8	30.3	29	−12.5	35.5	25	−51.3	59.8	68	−38	100	103	−55
Maximum	69.6	75.9	21	89	162	96	175	123.7	27	134	145.7	37.5	227	201	39.3

^aMaximum pressure in mmHg. NR, not reported.