Table 1. Characteristics of the study participants in Chita peninsular, Aichi Prefecture, Japan in 2010 (n = 3,810).
| Total | Men | Women | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 3,810) | (n = 1,805) | (n = 2,005) | ||
| Mean [SD] / n (%) | ||||
| Age (in years) | 71.3 [5.0] | 71.2 [4.8] | 71.4 [5.2] | 0.28 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 2,935 (77.0) | 1,586 (87.9) | 1,349 (67.3) | < 0.001 |
| Not married | 748 (19.6) | 164 (9.0) | 586 (29.2) | |
| Other | 127 (3.3) | 57 (3.2) | 70 (3.5) | |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| ≤ 9 years | 1,822 (47.8) | 782 (43.3) | 1,040 (51.9) | < 0.001 |
| 10–12 years | 1,376 (36.1) | 678 (37.6) | 698 (34.8) | |
| ≥ 13 years | 474 (12.4) | 282 (15.6) | 192 (9.6) | |
| Missing | 138 (3.6) | 63 (3.5) | 75 (3.7) | |
| Annual equivalent household income (yen) | ||||
| < 2 million | 1,607 (42.2) | 765 (42.4) | 842 (42.0) | < 0.001 |
| 2–4 million | 1,380 (36.2) | 732 (40.6) | 648 (32.3) | |
| > 4 million | 234 (6.1) | 112 (6.2) | 122 (6.1) | |
| Missing | 589 (15.5) | 196 (10.9) | 393 (19.6) | |
| Occupational status | ||||
| Currently employed | 701 (18.4) | 411 (22.8) | 290 (14.3) | < 0.001 |
| Retired | 2,314 (60.7) | 1,228 (68.0) | 1,086 (54.2) | |
| Unemployed | 374 (9.8) | 64 (3.6) | 310 (15.5) | |
| Missing | 421 (11.1) | 102 (5.7) | 319 (15.9) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Lean (< 18.5) | 195 (5.1) | 52 (2.9) | 143 (7.1) | 0.001 |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 2,704 (71.0) | 1,300 (72.0) | 1,404 (70.0) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 827 (21.7) | 426 (23.6) | 401 (20.0) | |
| Obese (> 30) | 84 (2.2) | 27 (1.5) | 57 (2.8) | |
| GDS | ||||
| Not depressed (0–4) | 2,260 (59.3) | 1,030 (57.1) | 1,230 (61.4) | 0.01 |
| Mild depression (5–9) | 720 (18.9) | 346 (19.2) | 374 (18.7) | |
| Depression (10–15) | 196 (5.1) | 93 (5.2) | 103 (5.1) | |
| Missing | 634 (16.6) | 336 (18.6) | 298 (14.9) | |
| Vegetable intake | ||||
| > twice/day | 1,767 (46.4) | 685 (38.0) | 1,082 (54.0) | < 0.001 |
| Once/day | 1,252 (32.9) | 638 (35.4) | 614 (30.6) | |
| 4–6 times/week | 444 (11.7) | 275 (15.2) | 169 (8.4) | |
| 2–3 times/week or less | 304 (8.0) | 195 (10.8) | 109 (5.4) | |
| Missing | 43 (1.1) | 12 (0.7) | 31 (1.6) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Drink | 1,521 (39.9) | 1,138 (63.1) | 383 (19.1) | < 0.001 |
| Don’t drink | 2,249 (59.0) | 656 (36.3) | 1,593 (79.5) | |
| Missing | 40 (1.1) | 11 (0.6) | 29 (1.5) | |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||
| Never | 2,310 (60.6) | 448 (24.8) | 1,862 (92.9) | < 0.001 |
| Quit | 1,109 (29.1) | 1,014 (56.2) | 95 (4.7) | |
| Smoke | 391 (10.3) | 343 (19.0) | 48 (2.4) | |
| Walking hours | ||||
| < 30 min | 1,070 (28.1) | 458 (25.4) | 612 (30.5) | < 0.001 |
| 30–59 min | 1,297 (34.0) | 614 (34.0) | 683 (34.1) | |
| 60–89 min | 634 (16.6) | 329 (18.2) | 305 (15.2) | |
| ≥ 90 min | 612 (16.1) | 335 (18.6) | 277 (13.8) | |
| Missing | 197 (5.2) | 69 (3.8) | 128 (6.4) | |
| Meeting friends | ||||
| < once/week | 745 (19.6) | 496 (27.5) | 249 (12.4) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ once/week | 2,869 (75.3) | 1,233 (68.3) | 1,636 (81.6) | |
| Missing | 196 (5.1) | 76 (4.2) | 120 (6.0) | |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 [0.7] | 5.6 [0.8] | 5.5 [0.6] | 0.29 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.7 [16.5] | 131.9 [16.4] | 131.5 [16.5] | 0.56 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.7 [10.2] | 74.8 [10.5] | 72.8 [9.9] | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119.7 [28.9] | 114.6 [29.0] | 124.2 [28.0] | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 58.9 [15.6] | 54.7 [15.0] | 62.6 [15.2] | < 0.001 |
| eGFR(mL/min/1.73 m2) | 68.9 [13.9] | 68.3 [14.1] | 69.4 [13.6] | 0.17 |
| Suita Score | 49.9 [7.5] | 54.2 [6.7] | 46.1 [5.8] | < 0.001 |