Table 4. Annual Total Absenteeism and Costs to Employers in the United States Because of Selected Health Risk Factors or Chronic Diseases Among Employees, by Size of Employer^a .

Condition	Prevalence, %	No. of Excess Missed Workdaysb per Employee	Total No. of Missed Workdays per Year per Employer	Total Cost per Year, $c	Cost per Employee per Year, $c
Small firm (100 employees)d
Current smoking	17	0.58	10	2,603	26
Physical inactivity	40	0.63	25	6,603	66
Obesity	30	1.02	31	8,065	81
Hypertension	25	1.13	28	7,419	74
Diabetes	6	1.03	6	1,621	16
Large employer (1,000 employees)e
Current smoking	27	1.07	292	77,117	77
Physical inactivity	56	1.94	1,083	285,785	286
Obesity	26	0.59	153	40,498	40
Hypertension	18	1.23	221	58,450	58
Diabetes	5	1.35	65	17,107	17

^a Data sources: MarketScan and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (19), 2008–2011. MarketScan is a large US commercial health care claims database; it is a de-identified convenience subpopulation of privately insured individuals (18).

^b Number of excess missed workdays defined as the difference in the number of days missed from work by those who reported having a risk factor or chronic disease and those who did not.

^c Based on average employment cost of $33.00 per hour and an 8-hour workday. All costs are in 2015 dollars.

^d Small employer costs based on Medical Expenditure Panel Survey prevalence and estimated absenteeism.

^e Large employer costs based on MarketScan prevalence and estimated absenteeism.