Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and CAC Results
| Total Population N=3261 | Number of Vessels=1 N=1077 | Number of Vessels=2 N=824 | Number of Vessels=3 N=978 | Number of Vessels=4 N=382 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 66.3 ± 9.5 | 63.3 ± 9.9 | 66.4 ± 9.2 | 68.3 ± 9.0 | 69.9 ± 8.1 | <0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||||
| • Male | 1897, 58.2% | 552, 51.3% | 452, 54.9% | 619, 63.3% | 274, 71.7% | |
| • Female | 1364, 41.8% | 525, 48.8% | 372, 45.2% | 359, 36.7% | 108, 28.3% | |
| Race | 0.001 | |||||
| • White | 1413, 43.3% | 425, 39.5% | 343, 41.6% | 444, 45.4% | 201, 52.6% | |
| • Chinese | 397, 12.2% | 153, 14.2% | 106, 12.9% | 110, 11.25% | 28, 7.3% | |
| • Black | 783, 24.0% | 273, 34.9% | 206, 25.0% | 226, 23.1% | 78, 20.4% | |
| • Hispanic | 668, 20.5% | 226, 21.0% | 169, 20.5% | 198, 20.3% | 75, 19.6% | |
| Smoking Status | <0.001 | |||||
| • Never | 1457, 44.8% | 525, 48.8% | 386, 47.0% | 399, 40.9% | 147, 38.5% | |
| • Former | 1378, 42.3% | 406, 37.8% | 346, 42.1% | 439, 45.0% | 187, 49.0% | |
| • Current | 420, 12.9% | 144, 13.4% | 90, 11.0% | 138, 14.1% | 48, 12.6% | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 ± 5.2 | 28.0 ± 5.4 | 28.3 ± 5.0 | 28.5 ± 5.2 | 28.8 ± 5.2 | 0.031 |
| Completed High School | 2642, 81.2% | 882, 82.1% | 643, 78.2% | 800, 82.0% | 317, 83.0% | 0.088 |
| Hypertension | 1773, 54.4% | 498, 46.2% | 435, 52.8% | 583, 59.6% | 257, 67.3% | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 514, 15.8% | 113, 10.50% | 129, 15.7% | 189, 19.4% | 83, 21.9% | <0.001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | 134.3 ± 20 | 130.1 ± 20 | 133.7 ± 19 | 137.1 ± 20 | 140.1 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | 74.90 ± 9.5 | 74.12 ± 9.9 | 74.55 ± 9.3 | 75.53 ± 9.5 | 76.19 ± 8.6 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202.79 ± 36 | 202.27 ± 35 | 201.85 ± 36 | 203.26 ± 36 | 205.10 ± 34 | 0.5399 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 49.4 ± 14 | 50.7 ± 15 | 49.2 ± 14 | 48.6 ± 14 | 48.3 ± 14 | 0.0011 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 118.4 ± 32 | 119.2 ± 33 | 117.5 ±32 | 118.3 ± 32 | 118.6 ± 33 | 0.727 |
| Anti-hypertensive Medication | 1480, 45.4% | 402, 37.4% | 363, 44.05% | 491, 50.2% | 224, 58.6% | <0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering Medication | 706, 21.7% | 184, 17.1% | 172, 20.9% | 238, 24.3% | 112, 29.3% | <0.001 |
| Mean CAC Score | 291.4 ± 555 | 34.5 ± 54 | 117.3 ± 154 | 494.6 ± 637 | 870.9 ± 917 | <0.001 |
| Mean Log (CAC+1) | 4.39 ± 1.8 | 2.83 ± 1.2 | 4.15 ± 1.2 | 5.58 ± 1.2 | 6.30 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Median CAC Score (IQR) | 86.5 (22 – 294) | 15.6 (5.5-40) | 67.5 (27 – 149) | 270.5 (121 – 591) | 530.4 (280 – 1158) | <0.001 |
| Diffusivity Index (%) | 23.0 ± 21 | 0 | 24.3 ± 15 | 38.2 ± 15 | 46.0 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| • Concentrated CAC pattern* | - | - | 5.50 ± 3 | 17.7 ± 7 | 27.6 ± 9 | |
| • Diffuse CAC pattern* | - | - | 44.0 ± 4 | 56.1 ± 4 | 61.2 ± 4 |
*
Concentrated CAC pattern was considered to be present when the diffusivity index was <25th percentile for a given number of vessels with CAC. Diffuse CAC pattern was defined as a diffusivity index >75th percentile for a given number of vessels with CAC.