Table 3.

Reactance scale conceptualization

Factor	Factor definition
Anger	Feeling of annoyance or hostility toward health warning
Self-relevance	Perception that health warning is not personally relevant
Common knowledge	Belief that information in health warning is already well-known
Exaggeration	Belief that health warning is overstated
Government	Resistance to government intrusion via health warning
Manipulation	Perception of threat to freedom imposed by health warning
Personal attack	Belief that health warning is a personal insult or affront
Derogation	Belief that the health warning is worthless
Discounting	Disregarding immediacy of the harms in health warning