Table 9.

Multiple mediation of association between pictorial warning exposure and motivational ability, among smokers

	a	b	c	c’	Mediated effect
Anger	.36*	−.10	.30**	.48**	−.04*
Exaggeration	.31*	−.17**	.30**	.48**	−.05*
Government	.31*	−.36**	.30**	.48**	−.11*
Manipulation	.61**	−.01	.30**	.48**	−.01
Personal attack	.25	.08	.30**	.48**	.02
Total					−.19*

Note. Data from online study (smokers only, n=597). Table reports path coefficients for multiple mediator models, controlling for education. Shaded rows indicate suppression of the overall positive relationship between pictorial warning exposure and motivational ability.

^*p<.05,

^**p<.001