Table 3.
Hazard Risks of One-Year Post-Discharge Mortality Stratified by Cause of Death
| Under Age 65 | Over Age 65 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injury Death HR (95% CI) |
Disease HR (95% CI) |
Injury Death HR (95% CI) |
Disease HR (95% CI |
|
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| Male | 1.23 (0.86–2.20) | 1.14 (0.89–1.57) | 1.65 (1.12–3.14) | 1.31 (1.10–1.61) |
| Median Income | ||||
| less than $48,519 | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| $48,520–$65,062 | 0.80 (0.42–1.18) | 0.85 (0.58–1.13) | 2.29 (1.82–2.76) | 1.02 (0.81–1.23) |
| $65,063–$85,588 | 0.83 (0.44–1.23) | 0.60 (0.28–0.92) | 1.88 (1.42–2.35) | 0.92 (0.72–1.12) |
| greater than $85,589 | 0.61 (0.18–1.05) | 0.53 (0.19–0.86) | 1.79 (1.34–2.25) | 1.02 (0.82–1.23) |
| Race | ||||
| White | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| Black | 1.09 (0.75–1.43) | 1.37 (1.14–1.61) | 1.43 (0.98–1.88) | 1.09 (0.86–1.32) |
| Previous Trauma | ||||
| Single Visitor | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| Recidivist | 1.66 (1.26–2.60) | 1.46 (1.16–1.76) | 0.89 (0.21–1.56) | 0.82 (0.45–1.19) |
| Mechanism of Fall | ||||
| Same Level | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| Stairs | 3.14 (2.34–3.93) | 0.91 (0.56–1.26) | 1.18 (0.63–1.74) | 0.97 (0.74–1.20) |
| Height | 2.21 (1.43–2.98) | 0.55 (0.20–0.99) | 1.07 (0.48–1.66) | 1.09 (0.86–1.33) |
| Unspecified | 2.19 (1.35–3.04) | 1.08 (0.71–1.44) | 1.02 (0.44–1.60) | 1.20 (0.98–1.43) |
| Associated Hip Fracture | ||||
| No | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| Yes | 0.64 (0–1.79) | 0.71 (0–1.60) | 0.86 (0.08–1.63) | 0.77 (0.40–1.13) |
| ISS | ||||
| 1–8 | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| 9–15 | 1.28 (0.85–1.71) | 1.27 (1.01–1.51) | 3.42 (2.68–4.18) | 1.15 (0.97–1.32) |
| 16–24 | 2.11 (1.66–2.56) | 1.42 (1.10–1.73) | 15.18 (14.54–15.82) | 1.02 (0.82–1.22) |
| 25+ | 10.13 (9.79–10.48) | 1.61 (1.21–2.00) | 45.69 (45.06–45.31) | 1.26 (0.98–1.54) |
| Missing | 1.10 (0.26–1.94) | 1.12 (0.59–1.65) | 2.15 (0.10–4.20) | 0.90 (0.37–1.44) |
| BAC | ||||
| Negative | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| <80mg/dL | 1.62 (0.99–2.25) | 1.29 (0.76–1.82) | 0.23 (0–2.20) | 0.63 (0.01–1.26) |
| >=80mg/dL | 1.54 (1.20–1.87) | 1.34 (1.10–1.59) | 1.29 (0.77–1.82) | 0.69 (0.39–1.00) |
| Unknown | 2.11 (1.62–2.60) | 1.43 (1.03–1.84) | 1.20 (0.73–1.66) | 1.32 (1.12–1.53) |
| Urine Drug Screen | ||||
| Negative | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| Positive | 1.04 (0.88–1.21) | 1.02 (0.89–1.14) | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) | 1.02 (0.94–1.09) |
| Comorbidities* | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) | Ref (1.0) |
| Cerebrovascular | 2.33 (1.58–3.07) | 2.36 (1.93–2.79) | NS | NS |
| Hypertension | 0.78 (0.35–1.21) | 1.27 (1.02–1.51) | NS | NS |
| Diabetes | 1.01 (0.40–1.61) | 1.22 (0.89–1.55) | NS | NS |
| Chronic Renal Failure | 1.32 (0–3.33) | 6.31 (5.69–6.96) | NS | NS |
| COPD | 4.35 (3.51–5.19) | 3.89 (3.38–4.42) | 0.78 (0.10–1.45) | 1.75 (1.48–2.03) |
Adjusted for age, sex, median income, race, ISS, BAC, mechanism of fall, urine drug screen, previous injury and comorbidities; Significant results in bold; NS indicates comorbidities with no significant differences by race on admission and were therefore not included in the model