Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all randomized participants by cognitive-behavioral (CB) or health education (HE) group assignment
| Characteristic | CB (n=61) |
HE (n=58) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age, years† | 15.0 (0.2) | 15.1 (0.2) | 0.81 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.94 | ||
| Black | 39 (63.9) | 35 (60.3) | |
| White | 8 (13.1) | 11 (19.0) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (11.5) | 6 (10.3) | |
| Asian | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.4) | |
| Multiple races | 5 (8.2) | 4 (6.9) | |
| Hollingshead index of socioeconomic status‡ | 3, 1–4 | 3, 1–4 | 0.25 |
| First-degree diabetes relative, n (%) | 20 (32.8) | 27 (46.6) | 0.13 |
| Anthropometric | |||
| BMI, kg/m2† | 31.7 (0.8) | 34.3 (0.9) | 0.034 |
| BMI z score† | 1.9 (0.1) | 2.1 (0.1) | 0.047 |
| Body fat, %† | 43.4 (0.7) | 44.8 (0.8) | 0.19 |
| BMI ≥95th percentile, n (%) | 41 (67.2) | 46 (79.3) | 0.14 |
| Tanner breast stage‡ | 5 | 5 | 0.57 |
| Depressive symptoms | |||
| CES-D score† | 25.3 (0.9) | 24.5 (1.0) | 0.54 |
| CES-D score >20, n (%) | 42 (68.9) | 36 (62.1) | 0.44 |
| Glucose homeostasis | |||
| Fasting insulin, mIU/L† | 22.0 (1.6) | 26.2 (2.0) | 0.10 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL† | 88.6 (0.9) | 89.5 (0.9) | 0.48 |
| 2-hour insulin, mIU/L† | 115.8 (10.6) | 135.5 (13.6) | 0.25 |
| 2-hour glucose, mg/dL† | 102.8 (2.7) | 105.8 (3.0) | 0.45 |
| HOMA-IR† | 4.9 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.4) | 0.14 |
| WBISI† | 2.8 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.2) | 0.14 |
| HbA1c(%) | 5.3 (0.05) | 5.3 (0.04) | 0.93 |
| Eating, fitness, and cortisol | |||
| Lunch meal intake, kcal† | 1452 (70) | 1606 (78) | 0.14 |
| Snack intake, kcal† | 377 (20) | 382 (22) | 0.87 |
| Walk/run distance, m† | 1246 (28) | 1188 (29) | 0.19 |
| Peak cortisol reactivity, ng/dL† | 81.3 (4.5) | 83.8 (5.0) | 0.70 |
†
Mean (SE).
‡
Median.
BMI=Body mass index. CES-D=Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. HOMA-IR=Homeostatis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. WBISI=Whole Body Insulin Sensitivity Index. HbA1c=glycated hemoglobin.