Table 2.
Predictors of cardiac tamponade
| Predictors | Procedures without tamponade (n = 1488) | Procedures with tamponade (n = 12) | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Age (years) | 55.0 (41.0–63.0) | 63.0 (60.3–64.8) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 0.035 | – | – |
| Males | 865 (58.1) | 7 (58.3) | 1.01 (0.32–3.19) | 0.989 | – | – |
| Oral anticoagulation before procedure | 447 (30.0) | 11 (91.7) | 25.62 (3.30–119.02) | 0.002 | – | – |
| Left ventricular EF (%) | 60.0 (56.0–66.0) | 63.5 (61.0–66.5) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.546 | – | – |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 38.0 (34.0–43.0) | 40.0 (36.5–44.5) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.543 | – | – |
| Redo procedures | 243 (16.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0.47 (0.07–3.03) | 0.430 | – | – |
| Transseptal procedures | 396 (26.6) | 10 (83.3) | 13.79 (3.01–63.20) | 0.001 | – | – |
| Left-sided procedures | 558 (37.5) | 11 (91.7) | 18.33 (2.36–142.38) | 0.005 | – | – |
| AF ablation | 267 (17.9) | 10 (83.3) | 22.87 (4.98–104.96) | <0.001 | 13.86 (2.78–69.04) | 0.001 |
| SVT (non-AF) ablation | 1006 (67.6) | 1 (8.3) | 0.04 (0.01–0.34) | 0.003 | – | – |
| VA ablation | 215 (14.4) | 1 (8.3) | 0.54 (0.07–4.19) | 0.554 | – | – |
| RF pulses (n) | 17 (8–33) | 44 (23–55) | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.074 | – | – |
| RF time (min) | 15.5 (8.2–34.4) | 52.1 (19.3–64.7) | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.106 | – | – |
| Energy (×1000 W) | 28.0 (14.7–58.5) | 77.6 (27.5–97.0) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.248 | – | – |
| Irrigated-tip catheter | 875 (58.8) | 12 (100) | 7.71 (1.00–59.85) | 0.051 | – | – |
| Fluoroscopy time (min) | 14.5 (8.1–26.5) | 30.0 (17.0–39.0) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.032 | – | – |
Data shown as median (interquartile range) or numbers (percentage)
AF atrial fibrillation, EF ejection fraction, OR odds ratio, RF radiofrequency, SVT supraventricular tachycardia; VA ventricular arrhythmia