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. 2016 Oct 8;388(10053):1545–1602. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6

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© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Expected relationship between age-standardised years lived with disability (YLD) rates per 100 000 people for the 21 GBD Level 2 causes and SDI (A) and the expected relationship between all-age years lived with disability (YLD) rates per 100 000 people for the 21 GBD Level 2 causes and SDI (B) by sex

These stacked curves represent the average relationship between SDI and each cause of YLDs observed across all geographies over the time period 1990 to 2015. In each figure, the y-axis spans from lowest SDI up to highest SDI. To the left of the midline are male rates, and the female rates are to the right; higher rates are further from the midline. SDI=Socio-demographic Index.