Table 2.
Inflammation, SF-36 Vitality Score, and Physical Activity by Treatment Group
| Diet Only | Exercise Only | Diet+Exercise | Overall | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Log CRP (mg/L) | Baseline | 1.48 (1.14; 1.83) | 1.72 (1.46; 1.97) | 1.39 (1.08; 1.69) | |
| 6-month | 1.10 (0.94; 1.26) | 1.51 (1.36; 1.67) | 1.15 (1.00; 1.30) | <.001 | |
| 18-month | 0.90 (0.74; 1.06) | 1.37 (1.21; 1.53) | 0.88 (0.73; 1.04) | <.0001 | |
| Log IL-6 (pg/mL) | Baseline | 0.82 (0.62; 1.01) | 0.92 (0.77; 1.06) | 1.09 (0.93; 1.26) | |
| 6-month | 0.75 (0.65; 0.85) | 0.91 (0.82; 1.01) | 0.79 (0.70; 0.88) | .04 | |
| 18-month | 0.72 (0.62; 0.82) | 0.96 (0.86; 1.06) | 0.72 (0.63; 0.82) | <.001 | |
| SF-36 Vitality score | Baseline | 57.0 (51.4; 62.7) | 53.6 (48.5; 58.7) | 54.1 (49.0; 59.1) | |
| 6-month | 62.1 (59.3; 64.9) | 62.2 (59.5; 65.0) | 65.4 (62.7; 68.0) | .14 | |
| 18-month | 61.3 (58.6; 64.0) | 61.7 (59.0; 64.4) | 66.4 (63.7; 69.1) | .01 | |
| Steps/d | Baseline | 5,886 (5,198; 6,573) | 6,548 (5,914; 7,182) | 5,942 (5,211; 6,673) | |
| 6-month | 6,258 (5,462; 7,053) | 5,521 (4,755; 6,287) | 6,207 (5,475; 6,939) | .29 | |
| 18-month | 5,252 (4,176; 6,329) | 4,686 (3,745; 5,627) | 5,963 (4,775; 7,151) | .23 | |
| PAEE (kcal/d) | Baseline | 219 (187; 251) | 252 (220; 285) | 228 (193; 264) | |
| 6-month | 223 (189; 258) | 213 (179; 246) | 223 (191; 255) | .86 | |
| 18-month | 182 (136; 228) | 164 (123; 204) | 206 (156; 257) | .40 | |
| Light PA (min/d) | Baseline | 135 (123; 147) | 132 (123; 142) | 124 (115; 134) | |
| 6-month | 133 (118; 148) | 119 (104; 134) | 126 (112; 140) | .39 | |
| 18-month | 109 (87; 131) | 107 (88; 126) | 131 (107; 155) | .23 | |
| Mod–Vig PA (min/d) | Baseline | 7.9 (5.8; 10.0) | 12.1 (9.7; 14.6) | 11.1 (8.4; 13.8) | |
| 6-month | 9.8 (7.2; 12.4) | 8.8 (6.2; 11.3) | 12.4 (10.0; 14.7) | .09 | |
| 18-month | 7.9 (4.1; 11.7) | 6.3 (3.1; 9.6) | 15.7 (11.6; 19.9) | <.01 | |
Note: No differences between groups at baseline: Diet (Baseline N = 49, 18-month N = 41); Exercise (Baseline N = 60, 18-month N = 41); Diet+Exercise (Baseline N = 58, 18-month N = 43). SF-36 Vitality scale (higher scores indicate feeling more energetic/less fatigued);
CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; Mod–Vig PA = moderate or vigorous physical activity; PAEE = physical activity energy expenditure.