Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes blood pressure trial
| Characteristics | Total (n = 3,087) | Standard blood pressure lowering (n = 1,536) | Intensive blood pressure lowering (n = 1,551) | P a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (SD) | 62.2 (6.6) | 62.1 (6.7) | 62.2 (6.6) | 0.90 |
| Female sex | 1,487 (48.2) | 736 (47.9) | 751 (48.4) | 0.78 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.86 | |||
| White | 1,876 (60.8) | 926 (60.3) | 950 (61.3) | |
| Latino | 201 (6.5) | 101 (6.6) | 100 (6.4) | |
| Black | 650 (21.1) | 320 (20.8) | 330 (21.3) | |
| Asian | 185 (6.0) | 97 (6.3) | 88 (5.7) | |
| Other | 175 (5.7) | 92 (6.0) | 83 (5.4) | |
| Smoking status | 0.96 | |||
| Never | 1,402 (45.5) | 695 (45.3) | 707 (45.6) | |
| Past | 1,310 (42.5) | 656 (42.7) | 654 (42.2) | |
| Current | 372 (12.1) | 184 (12.0) | 188 (12.1) | |
| Heart rate (bpm) (SD) | 72.6 (11.3) | 72.7 (11.1) | 72.6 (11.6) | 0.96 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) (SD) | 32.1 (5.5) | 31.9 (5.4) | 32.2 (5.6) | 0.22 |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 131 (4.2) | 68 (4.4) | 63 (4.1) | 0.61 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (SD) | 138.8 (15.7) | 138.6 (15.2) | 138.9 (16.2) | 0.69 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) (SD) | 75.7 (10.2) | 75.7 (10.1) | 75.8 (10.3) | 0.94 |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 955 (30.9) | 452 (29.4) | 503 (32.4) | 0.07 |
| Use of ACE inhibitors | 1,616 (52.3) | 789 (51.4) | 827 (53.3) | 0.28 |
| Use of angiotensin receptor blockers | 525 (17.0) | 270 (17.6) | 255 (16.4) | 0.40 |
| Assigned to intensive glucose lowering | 1,553 (50.3) | 789 (51.4) | 764 (49.3) | 0.24 |
Data are presented as number (%) of participants unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; bpm, beats per minute.
a P comparing participants’ characteristics in the standard vs. intensive blood pressure-lowering arms.