Table 3.

Adjusted regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between cigarette pack-years of smoking and pulse wave velocity by gender

Gender pack-years	cfPWV (cm/s)				faPWV (cm/s)
	N	β	(95% CI)	P	N	β	(95% CI)	P
Women
Never smokers	1,325	ref			1,306	ref
<10	383	−17.6	−47.9, 12.6	0.3	375	−6.4	−24.9, 12.2	0.5
10–19	252	16.6	−16.5, 52.7	0.4	247	−28.6	−50.7, −6.5	0.01
20–29	163	−4.3	−47.6, 39.1	0.8	161	−40.1	−66.6, −13.6	0.01
30–39	143	−47.2	−93.6, −0.9	0.04	139	−19.1	−47.6, −13.6	0.003
≥40	178	−40.3	−83.0, 2.5	0.07	177	−53.9	−80.0, −27.9	<0.0001
Men
Never smokers	540	ref			533	ref
<10	236	−18.7	−61.4, 24.0	0.4	234	5.5	−19.9, 30.8	0.7
10–19	252	−18.7	−60.4, 23.0	0.4	251	1.8	−22.9, 26.6	0.9
20–29	186	21.0	−25.3, 67.2	0.4	182	−17.4	−45.1, 10.2	0.2
30–39	165	44.1	−4.4, 92.6	0.07	162	−6.9	−35.8, 22.0	0.6
≥40	312	17.1	−22.7, 56.9	0.4	308	3.6	−20.1, 27.3	0.6

Models adjusted for age, body mass index, quadratic term for body mass index, heart rate, race, hypertension, diabetes status, physical activity, peripheral artery disease, mean arterial blood pressure, and attrition.

Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; faPWV, femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity.