Table 2.
Phenolic compounds (mg/L) and colour characteristics of three different Primitivo wines vinified without (D100) and with 25 % (D75) and 50 % (D50) of stems
| D100 | D75 | D50 | ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-flavonoids—hydroxycinnamate derivatives | ||||
| Caftaric acid | 264.80 ± 4.84b | 260.42 ± 5.04b | 283.23 ± 6.36a | ** |
| Coutaric acid | 75.4 ± 3.11 | 73.2 ± 2.85 | 77.42 ± 2.79 | n.s. |
| Flavonoids | ||||
| Flavan-3-olmonomers | ||||
| (+)-Catechin | 17.78 ± 0.74c | 21.20 ± 0.83b | 28.30 ± 0.88a | *** |
| (−)-Epicatechin | 12.40 ± 0.21c | 17.61 ± 0.31b | 19.62 ± 0.29a | *** |
| Gallocatechin | 6.20 ± 0.25a | 3.30 ± 0.10c | 4.02 ± 0.03b | *** |
| Epicatechingallate | 19.30 ± 0.75b | 19.60 ± 0.67ab | 21.40 ± 0.98a | * |
| Epigallocatechin | 23.80 ± 0.38c | 25.81 ± 0.41b | 30.30 ± 1.04a | *** |
| Dimers | ||||
| Procyanidin B2 | 45.87 ± 1.24c | 62.30 ± 1.88b | 68.31 ± 1.93a | *** |
| Procyanidin B1 | 25.21 ± 0.44c | 33.40 ± 0.53b | 39.40 ± 0.67a | *** |
| Procyanidin B4 | 18.89 ± 0.37c | 28.40 ± 0.46a | 26.33 ± 0.63b | *** |
| Procyanidin B2 gallate | 48.30 ± 1.24c | 61.30 ± 1.08b | 76.24 ± 2.34a | *** |
| Flavonols | ||||
| Myricetin gr. + gs. | 12.45 ± 0.44a | 9.60 ± 0.49c | 11.20 ± 0.37b | *** |
| Quercetin gr. + gs. | 25.8 ± 0.69b | 25.3 ± 0.73b | 27.90 ± 0.37a | ** |
| Kaempferol gr. + gs. | 20.3 ± 0.61b | 19.9 ± 0.54b | 23.54 ± 0.52a | *** |
| Mono-glycoside anthocyanins | ||||
| Delphinidin-3-G† | 5.67 ± 0.15a | 4.42 ± 0.12b | 4.3 ± 0.15b | *** |
| Cyanidin-3-G† | 0.77 ± 0.01a | 0.66 ± 0.01b | 0.54 ± 0.01c | *** |
| Petunidin-3-G† | 15.31 ± 0.56a | 12.6 ± 0.68b | 12.25 ± 0.52b | ** |
| Peonidin-3-G† | 8.72 ± 0.45a | 7.51 ± 0.44b | 7.31 ± 0.39c | * |
| Malvidin-3-G† | 181.37 ± 5.22a | 150.50 ± 4.75b | 149.21 ± 6.80b | *** |
| Total Acetylated forms† | 19.6 | 21.65 | 18.27 | |
| Total Coumaroylated forms† | 26.44 | 22.98 | 22.36 | |
| Sum anthocyanins | 257.88 | 220.32 | 214.24 | |
| Col.Int. 420 + 520 + 620 | 11.97 | 15.9 | 15.2 | |
| Tint 420/520 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.7 | |
| Flavans, vanillin | 1078 ± 16c | 1333 ± 18b | 1587 ± 16a | *** |
| Sum proanthocyanidins | 1744 ± 36c | 2180 ± 43b | 2275 ± 44a | ** |
†Expressed as mg/L malvidin-3-O-glucoside. n.s. not significant, * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001. Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) Mean ± standard deviation