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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2016 Jun 23;49(13):2806–2816. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.06.018

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Kinematic trajectories of forward reach with low load. Mean (solid line) ± SD (shaded band) for elevation plane (A), elevation (B), and axial rotation (C), with young adults in black and older adults in blue. SPM calculated t-value trajectories for elevation plane (D), elevation (E), and axial rotation (F) comparing age groups. Shaded grey areas indicate significant differences, with dotted line indicating the significance threshold (pFWE =0.05). SPM two sample t-tests indicate that older adults used significantly greater positive (more anterior) elevation plane and less elevated postures during the initiation and completion of the movements. Discrete two sample t-tests (G, H, I) showed consistent results. Older adults had smaller elevation plane ROM (G) and higher elevation ROM (H).