Table 3. Comparison between puerperal women with low bone mineral density (BMD) versus women with normal BMD.
| Variables | Low BMD (n = 566) | Normal (n = 995) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, yr | 32.5 ± 3.8 | 32.9 ± 4.0 | 0.056 |
| Height, cm | 160.8 ± 4.9 | 161.7 ± 5.1 | 0.001* |
| Pre-pregnancy weight, kg | 52.2 ± 6.9 | 55.1 ± 7.5 | < 0.001† |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 20.2 ± 2.4 | 21.1 ± 2.7 | < 0.001† |
| Weight at delivery, kg | 65.6 ± 8.0 | 68.7 ± 8.4 | < 0.001† |
| Weight gain during pregnancy, kg | 13.3 ± 4.3 | 13.5 ± 4.3 | 0.373 |
| Multipara: Yes/No | 33 (30.6%)/533 (36.7%) | 75 (69.4%)/920 (63.3%) | 0.167 |
| Multivitamin supplementation (≥ 5 mon): Yes/No | 92 (58.6%)/433 (64.8%) | 65 (41.4%)/235 (35.2%) | 0.145 |
| Bed rest: < 2 wk/≥ 2 wk | 542 (36.3%)/24 (35.3%) | 951 (63.7%)/44 (64.7%) | 0.866 |
| Dexamethasone: Yes/No | 29 (29.0%)/536 (36.7%) | 71 (71.0%)/923 (63.3%) | 0.119 |
| Preterm delivery: Yes/No | 46 (34.3%)/520 (36.4%) | 88 (65.7%)/907 (63.6%) | 0.627 |
| Preeclampsia: Yes/No | 8 (25.0%)/558 (36.5%) | 24 (75.0%)/970 (63.5%) | 0.306 |
| Multifetal pregnancy: Yes/No | 21 (41.2%)/30 (58.8%) | 30 (58.8%)/965 (63.9%) | 0.458 |
| Macrosomia (> 4 kg): Yes/No | 21 (37.5%)/545 (36.2%) | 35 (62.5%)/960 (63.8%) | 0.844 |
| Anemia at delivery: Yes/No | 75 (38.3%)/491 (36.0%) | 121 (61.7%)/874 (64.0%) | 0.532 |
| Vaginal/Cesarean delivery | 378 (36.8 %)/188 (35.1%) | 648 (63.2%)/347 (64.9%) | 0.507 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding: Yes/No | 161 (39.6%)/349 (33.9%) | 246 (60.4%)/697 (66.1%) | 0.042‡ |
*P < 0.01; †P < 0.001; ‡P < 0.05.