Figure 7.

Effects of salbutamol and roflumilast on macrophages. Macrophages were pre‐incubated (30 min) with indomethacin (1 μM) and then with or without either (A) salbutamol, (B) roflumilast or (C) PGE₂ in the absence (control) or presence of a single concentration of roflumilast (30 nM) for 30 min before challenge with LPS (1 ng·mL⁻¹) for 22 h after which TNF‐α was measured in the supernatants. The horizontal grid line in (C) shows the inhibition seen with roflumilast alone (22 ± 5% inhibition). Results are expressed as the % inhibition of the unblocked control TNF‐α releases, which ranged from 2363 ± 835 to 2208 ± 969 pg·mL⁻¹. Data shown are means ± SEM for five (A, B and C) experiments.