Table 2. Potential biomarkers.
Biomarker | Incidence | Prognostic or predictive | Method of testing | Possible clinical utility |
---|---|---|---|---|
TILs | N/A | Predictive | No standard testing | Identifies response to immunotherapy |
Neoantigens | N/A | Predictive | Whole-exome RNA sequencing | Identifies response to immunotherapy |
PD-1/PD-L1 | N/A | Predictive | No standard testing | Identifies response to immunotherapy |
CpG island methylation | 40% | Predictive | Gene expression | Identifies response to alkylating agents |
TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; PD-1, programmed death protein-1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1.